A Critical Review of Socrates Stances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Critical Review of Socrates Stances - Essay ExampleSocrates stance is that the role of a philosopher in the purchase order is parallel of latitude to that of a gadfly in stimulating a horse. As gadflies, philosophers have the responsibility of challenging the society to think clearly about things which may otherwise be taken for granted. Philosophers question the inconsistencies and fallacies that are refreshing to the rest of the society (8). Upham (71) supports this view of the Socratic gadfly, stating that philosophy involves uncovering assumptions, asking pertinent and unwelcome questions on base mocking self seriousness. The analogy is immensely strong, as the gadfly is deemed irritating in a similar fashion by which philosophy in this approach may be quite unwelcome. The gadfly simile is of significant value in the academic and intellectual pursuit of philosophy since it spells out philosophers roles. This helps in delimit practice of philosophy without it, philosophy may be solely constrained to knowledge seeking and having no roles in society (72). the unexamined life is not worth victuals. In Socrates proposal for his sentence, he ponders the question of whether he should stop practicing philosophy and go into exile. To this, Socrates observes that the greatest good a man can do is to conversation about virtues. He highlights the value of philosophy (examining self and others), arguing that an unexamined life is not worth living (Colaiaco 147). The context of this statement involves the issue of silencing Socrates from engaging in philosophy. As he explains in earlier passages, Socrates had been lying-in conversations with the wise men of A therefores in a bid to determine their wisdom. Socrates believed in this as a divine calling, and in the process found out that much of the said wisdom was indeed self gratification and absent. The young people of Athens attended Socrates enquiries. Exposing the lack of wisdom among his respondents won Socrates many enemies, who then plotted his downfall based on unfounded issues.

Argumentative Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative - search Paper ExampleThis essay will argue in support of the points and concerns raised by the cause by citing evidence from credible scholarly sources. It was anti-Semitism and fervent nationalism that consolidated government say-so of German, Italian and Chinese populations respectively in the bygone era. In todays geo-political situation, terrorism is the almost discussed issue in public discourse. Ever since the September 11, 2001 attacks on America, it has been a major pre-occupation of American diplomatic and armament efforts. Since the United States is the leader of the prevailing uni-polar world, terrorism now has implications for all countries associated with it. In the context of the on-going War on Terror, the concept of Islamist jihad is seen as the ideological springboard for the numerous suicide attacks witnessed recently. As a measure to retaliate and prevent terror attacks, America and its allies adopt initiated several counter-terror trading o perations in perceived geo-political hotspots. To complement these efforts, the scale and scope of counter-intelligence operations are also upped. (Mcgrath, 2004, p.147) But the destination counter-intelligence darkly reminds the reader of the CoIntelPro regime of the Cold War period, where the state abused its power to keep a check on citizen freedoms. Curbing civil liberties under whatever guise is seldom a reform-minded move, as examples from past and present clearly show Tyrants place populations under surveillance because that is a hot flash means of control. The Gestapo, the NKVD, the KGB, the Stasi, and the Chinese Politburo all requisitioned private data such as medical, banking, and library come ins now, with the Internet, Chinese government activity track citizens computer use. One reason dictators demand access to such private data is that this interrogation breaks down citizens sense of being able to act freely against those in power (Wolf, Chapter 5, p.81) While c ounter-terrorism and counter-intelligence operations might have legitimate causes in certain exceptional cases, today it has come to represent hegemony and power. The record of the United States, especially under eight year reign of George W. Bush speaks ill of the notion of counter-intelligence. Interrogators operative on the War on Terror project have resorted to such dehumanizing tactics such as solitary confinement in nudity in order to elicit intelligence information from suspects. Interrogators were learnt to have imposed nudity as a way of inducing learned helplessness which is akin to the mental subjugation of American public to the domination and control by the elite business and political class. The Obama government activity continued this tactic with Pfc. Bradley Manning. Whistle-blowers are being held naked in solitary confinement, while our political establishment, a complicit media, and a professional class of lawyers and behavioral scientists attempt to veil Ameri can atrocities. Current targeted assassinations of American citizens, landmines, torture, and military tribunals sadly converge with the Bush-Cheney era policy of war andcounter-terrorism. (Glazier, 2009, p.957) The dangers of indirect censorship and control articulated by Noami Wolf are easier to understand when we study the implications of recent legislations. For example, under George W. Bushs reign, the Foreign Intelligence

Bleaching in dentistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bleaching in dentistry - Essay ExampleOne may either opt for a interposition at the dentists office or use an OTC treatment tray in-house. investigate studies have shown the there is not much difference between the two. Ghalili et al (2014) conducted a study to inflict the efficacy of novel in-house bleaching procedure using OTC bleaching tray system. They aimed to study the change in food coloring, gingival wrath and tooth sensitivity in patients who opt for undergoing in-house bleaching process. For the study 43 participants within the age group of 18 -65 age and without teeth restorations were selected. Post exclusion, color shade, sensitivity and gingival measurement were done. The participants were given at-home bleaching systems containing 9% HP and treatment was done for 5 days. Assessment was done by and by treatment on day and day 5. It was seen that after day 1 of treatment significant color change was seen in all but only7 participants complained of self-consciousn ess while 2 drop offed from buccal mucosal blanching. After Day 5, radical change in color was seen and 82% did not report any pain or discomfort at all. The study thereby concluded that home systems were effective on all in terms of restoring teeth whiteness besides people should consult a dentist prior using such systems because some may suffer from discomfort or pain.Some studies have tried to understand if the bleaching mechanism of these agents could be enhanced with the helper of energy supplied through heat or radiation. Cardoso et al (2012) conducted an experiment to measure the efficacy of bleaching agents activated by ultrasonic waves. Bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide are extremely efficient in producing surrender radicals which degrade the long chains pigments that make the tooth come along darker. Research showed that if these agents could be supplied with heat energy they would plump much more efficient in breaking down teeth pigmentation to make the tee th appear lighter in color. In

Role of Geology in the Construction of Hoover Dam Case Study

Role of Geology in the Construction of clean dike - Case Study ExampleStudying the geology of a building site is a alert first step before designing and constructing any structure, particularly formidably large and heavy whole works like concrete butchs. For both civil engineers and environmental scientists, a study of geology is vital, for understanding the soil mechanics and its functions as a building site, and for understanding the environmental impacts of a construction project. Thesis Statement The affair of this paper is to investigate why geology is important for a civil engineer or an environmental scientist, victimisation a case study of the Hoover Dam. The Hoover Dam A Construction Miracle of the Twentieth vitamin C The Colorado River was chosen for constructing the Hoover Dam because of its steep gradient of 11,000 feet in 1,450 miles, more(prenominal) than any of the big rivers. It was expected that the sharp fall of the Colorado river would facilitate the spi nning of turbines at the highest speeds. Black Canyon was selected as the site for the dam, and not the earlier choice of Boulder Canyon. Both sites were on the lower Colorado River beyond the mouth of the Grand Canyon however the advantages with Black Canyon lay in a more solid and therefore safer bedrock foundation (Powell 2008 72), which is reiterated by Stevens (1990) who states that the bedrock at Black Canyon had little jointing and faulting than at Boulder Canyon, after diverting the river there would be less silt and debris to clear, tunneling finished the canyon walls would be much easier, and the dam would require less concrete for building because the gorge was narrower. Further, the advantages of constructing the dam at Black Canyon included its easier access, and facilitation for sediment accumulation at the deepest part of the reservoir. The Hoover Dam was unprecedented in the number of hazards and problems the construction project presented. The pressure caused by t he reservoir of over nightclub trillion gallons of water was countered by using the principle of the arch shape to the dam. To anchor the dam firmly, its metrical foot was designed to be several times thicker than its crest. Additionally, to keep the dam site dry during construction, the river had to blocked with a coffer dam and the water diverted through bypass tunnels bored through the bedrock (Powell 2008 74, 58). Further, amazing measures had to be undertaken for overcoming natural obstacles such as jagged mountains of volcanic rock, the rapid flow of the Colorado River boot through a narrow gorge, and the rugged and inaccessible Black Rock Canyon between Nevada and genus Arizona situated against a desert background infested with wildlife including rattlesnakes. The dam site was also in an isolated area, outside(a) from human habitation, with the model town for workers being about eight miles from the dam site. There were sharp differences in temperature, from 140 degrees on the canyon floor in summer to below 20 degrees in the winter. otherwise daunting construction problems included the necessity to divert the Colorado river through freshly made tunnels in nearby rocks and a temporary coffer dam while the site was cleared and the dam construct (McGovern 2000 144). Additionally, the possibility of stress imposed by temperature changes and the use of large volumes of concrete in relatively petty areas, resulting in cracks in

CLO, managing business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CLO, managing business finance - Essay ExampleThe tinge among many investors is that the development on new regulations to reduce the happen that comes with these forms of loans will reduce the chances of getting into a financial crisis. In 2014, it is evident that investors have ventured into the form of loan due to its higher returns as compared to former(a) forms of loans. In this perspective, we seek to analyse the possible reasons for this trend and how this is likely to impact financial flows in the orbicular arena.Collateralized loan obligation is defined as a form of low interest loan that comprises of a pool of debt backed up by slightly form of security. To design a CLO, commercial meeting different loans together and sectionalize them into different parts. Each section of the loan bears a different risk, some having higher risks than others. The rationale is that those who pick higher risk sections have higher returns while those who pick cut risk portions have lower returns. Another point to note is the way that cases of default are handled. When defaulters function to repay the loan, the investor with high risk loan gets less money than one who has a lower risk section. The principle behind the formation of the CLO is to increase the lending willingness of the investors and to lower the interest costs. The banks accomplish these loans through a tranch social structure in which different classes of borrowers dear different risks and acquire different level of returns (Pauley & Kroszner, 2012). This loan structure operates much similar to the home mortgage loans that existed in the 1980s. At this time, companies that had good credit ratings were allowed to borrow at lower prices while others borrowed from the banks at much higher interest rates. For this reason, CLO gained popularity prior to the financial crisis in 2008.The spheric financial crisis of 2008 is was the cause for the loss of popularity for the CLOs in the world. A

Suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

suicide - Research Paper ExampleSociologists fix been trying to purpose the suicide rates for over a hundred years. Unfortunately the shock-wave that a single suicide generates is so powerful that the statistical rarity becomes disproportionate (Baudelot & Establet 2008). In countries like the United States, suicide is not as frequent amongst the civilians as it is amongst the people belonging to the military. Hence, the social stigma of suicide in the United States and the European countries remains a matter of fear and disgust combined with feelings of contempt and lack of compassion (Joiner 2010). Suicide may be rationally defined as a voluntary act chosen by an individual who wants to die because the situation he has caught himself in is irretrievable and cannot be transformed (Diekstra & WHO 1989). The disgrace it carries with it for the communities specially in the United States is due to the fact that it indicates not only immoral behavior on the cancel of that individual but also the family who falls victim of this crime. Most of the cases in the U.S. have been connected with wartimes and the portion of suicide committed amongst the soldiers and the army men is higher than ordinary civilians. Suicide usually has a news report in the family. There be several generations in the family who have been indulged in this course of action and so it becomes rather difficult for the sociologist to come up with a sensible reason for such an act. Modern therapists and thinkers have however come to believe that suicide may be acceptable at some percentage point in a persons life. Survivors of suicide end up in alcoholism and former(a) lethal activities which becomes a threat for the community. The rate of depression is extremely high in the United States. Researches join the suicide rates to the ethnic groups that exist simultaneously among the natives. This is surprisingly one of the main reasons of suicide especially among adults or elderly people who ha ve gone through traumas in their life which they cannot sh atomic number 18 with anyone. War, bolshie of a family member, depression, broken families and crashing businesses are some of the risk factors which influence suicide among this age group (Retterstol 1993). In places where there are broken families, a person wanting to commit suicide is disheartened by his own situation and position in the family. He is likely to compare himself with privileged people rough him and ends up having a very low self-esteem like in many other cases. mixed-up families are usually a result of some tragic or tabooed incident in the knightly which give rise to feelings of anxiety and hopelessness. Similarly a person whose business is crashing is likely to be change with the downfall more severely than his team of people. If he has a depressing personality he would omit himself from the rest of the world and let the feeling of failure uprise inside him. Eventually he would grow tired of his li fe and end it himself (Retterstol 1993). As opposed to the causes of suicide seen in the United States, other countries which are categorized as the third world countries such as Pakistan are confronted with altogether separate sets of causes of suicide. Pakistan is a nation which never recovered from the trauma of partition in 1947. A series of events caused the citizens to believe that they are doomed for life. With the

Financing and management of risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financing and management of risk - Essay ExampleThe hazard Office Ltd. and General Logistics Systems be wholly owned subsidiaries of imperial Mail Group. Post Office Ltd. runs the transport office counters and the General Logistics Systems is a global logistics company. The company employs around 2 lakh people working(a) for the organization with a net income of ?300 million. over-embellished Mail has a network of around 14000 bet offices. The network of empurpled Mail distributes millions of letters and parcels everyday all over the world. The Royal Mail function imply collection of mails and letters from all parts of the world and distribute the same to the respective postal addresses. The letters are posted by the senders in the wall posts which are collected everyday and despatched to the communicating addresses. The first class deliveries take one days time to reach the address of the recipient role. On additional payments, there are exceptional deliveries to the rec eiver that reaches by 9 a.m. or 2 p.m. on the next day. Royal Mail also has provisions for insurance of the items sent to the receiver. In case the receiver is not present at the time of address, an information card is left for the receiver to be noticed. The special deliveries are used by the business houses, small businesses and consumers for prompt deliveries and insurance covers are taken for tribute of the items sent by post. Royal Mail also runs a business mail service singly which offers provision for the business houses to send letters, parcels and items at reduced price. The network of distribution for deliveries consists of large conk containing 40000 vehicles on the road along with the operation through air and rail network throughout day and night. The mails are collected from the wall boxes and collection points, sorted and delivered to the recipients. The various stages of the network through which the delivery is done include collection of mails in major three mai l centres which are then passed to the network hubs where it is sorted and delivered crossways various parts of the country. The collection and delivery services vary according to the requirements and volume. The network of collection and delivery is finalised according to the work plan and targets of operation. Evaluation of risk exposures of Royal Mail The risk exposure to the operations and business environment of Royal Mail could be understood by analyzing the operational issues faced by the organization. Despite maintaining a large fleet for its operations, there are several risks faced by Royal Mail services depending on the location of collection and delivery, time of operations, alert infrastructural issues, etc. The operations of the Royal Mail pertaining to services for collection and delivery of post are carried out in areas which involve Brobdingnagian traffic congestion. Heavy traffic conditions in the localities affect the time of delivery of the postal service. Due to the existing local conditions, the company bears the risk of delay in delivery of items despatched. The collection and delivery services of Royal Mail from the heart of the city and other localities occur at congested situations during peak traffic conditions. The fleet of workers who are responsible for collection and delivery within the stipulated times face tough operating conditions in order to meet the deadline or

Costco's management style and how the business operates Research Paper

Costcos management style and how the pedigree operates - Research Paper ExampleWith collectable regard to the managerial functions and their necessities within an organization, the primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the fundamental roles and functions of managerial functions that atomic number 18 practiced by Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco) in the global retail industry (Lewis, Goodman, Fandt & Michlitsch, 2007).Costco is globally well-known for its extensive operations of retailing broad assortment of products for different group of customers across the globe. The organization in the first place involves a membership warehouse facility that is dedicated to provide extensive collection of quality base merchandise to its global customers in a best possible price. Currently, Costco can be observed in more than hundreds of global locations with a wider range of merchandise, convenient specialty departments as well as elite group membership services serving dif ferent group of global customers (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2013).Therefore, the main calculate of this opus is to reveal the managerial functions including planning, organizing, leading as well as tellling performances of Costco in its global business operations.The managerial functions are regarded as the pivotal factors that significantly direct an organization to accomplish its broad align of business practices. According to the rapid development of the global business environment, the organizations seek to achieve improve control of its range of activities to remain competitive. With this regard, it is highly essential for an organization to incorporate an trenchant set of managerial functions for the purpose of strengthening and developing its operational as well as managerial capabilities through designing effective set of planning, organizing, leading as well as controlling functions (Costco Wholesale Corporation, 2012). This can be better understood with the help of the following pictorial illustration.In relation

Advantages and Disadvantages of Servant Leadership Essay

Advantages and Dis returnss of handmaid Leadership - Essay Example some other most-valuable advantage is the possibility of achieving high productivity and capacity among employees. Servant leadership tends to command respect, trust, and inscription from employees. Therefore, organizations using consideration leadership model are able to record more work return because employees feel as an important part of the organization. Indeed, employees who are nurtured to be leaders in different capacities cause a sense of ownership to the organization as opposed to an autocratic, dictatorial, or centralized form of leadership. Servant leadership cultivates high levels of involvement not only in daily operations of the organization hardly also in decision making. Whereas servant leadership seeks to attend to the needs of employees, the employees, in turn, feel sceptred to attend to the needs of the customers and the organization in general. Furthermore, employees working under servant leadership are given(p) the opportunity to make decisions, provide views and opinions, as well as air their concerns. This is a great advantage to the organizations as it can be able to tap into the wide variety of ideas from different employees. This is more important as opposed to the one sided ideas found on other centralized forms of leadership.On a different note, servant leadership can be likened to delegation of duties. Therefore, even in situations when a servant leader whitethorn be temporarily not in touch with the employees, the employees can actually act as leaders in their own individual capacities.

A Model of English for International Learners Research Paper

A Model of slope for International Learners - Research Paper casefulAside from victimization the spoken communication to further the scholarship process, it could be used to carry away separate activities successfully. Such activities include businesses, social interactions, and official meetings. According to the statistics just about the relationship between language and businesses that were carried out in 2005, it was found that the use of the English language conduct to successful businesses. Hence, the use of the language brings about a common understanding among individuals. there atomic number 18 several languages that could be used internationally French, Portuguese, German, and English. However, English has been established as the most preferable international language. According to Mauranen (2003), in the learning of English as an international language there is a variety of models that could be used to study it. The models include native-speaker model, nativise d model, globish model, and lingua Franca model. All these models assist in the learning of English as an international language. They have several strengths and weaknesses and be only suitable for a learner/teacher depending on the purpose one wants to achieve. Basing on individuals goals, the purposes for learning the English language are contrasting. Nevertheless, many individuals purposely learn the English language to facilitate confabulation at an international level. Hence, the use of English assists in understanding the academic interests for the learners it eases group discussions among the individuals who do non share a mother tongue and provide a common understanding among the learners. ... on for using English is that most of the people worldwide have developed an interest in learning it and this has led to giving it a status of lingua franca. Lingua Franca refers to a language that is spoken as a second or triad language after a peoples mother tongue. It is too re ferred to as vehicular. The people speaking this language use it specifically for communication with the non-natives or the natives of that particular language. There are different advantages associated with using English as a lingua Franca. Many people just about the world have embraced the use of English making it easier to communicate with people from different dialects. Hence, lingua franca is viewed as the most appropriate model for use in the learning of the English Language (Ellis, 2002). This is because it facilitates communication among individuals who are from different cultures and speak different mother tongues. Using English as a lingua franca assists in the understanding of other peoples culture and the appreciation of it at the same time. People from different cultural backgrounds are able to learn about each others culture by dint of communication which is facilitated by the use of a common language. Thus, the lingua franca model supports the use of English languag e for a common understanding among individuals. The learners/users of English around the world could use the lingua franca model to facilitate communication amongst themselves and other people who are not of the same dialect as theirs. This is applicable in all countries that use English as either a second or a third language. For instance, in a country like Vietnam, which is located southeast of Asia, English has been adopted as a language that is basically used to promote understanding amongst individuals. In

Heamatology ( The effect of the environmental pollution in the Literature review

Heamatology ( The effect of the environmental pollution in the development of Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - Literature review utilisationSteffen et al (2004) anticipated Belson et als prevailing about the wearied link between scene to hydrocarbons and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia among tiddlerren. Their study investigated the impact of maternal occupational exposure to hydrocarbons when pregnant and leukaemia and found a weak link. According Steffen et al, residential traffic density has a significant association with babe leukaemia. This manifested in the places where child leukaemia victims lived near a petrol station or a repair garage. The association suggested a causative association between exposure to benzene emitting sources and acute childhood lymphocytic leukaemia.Behren et al (2008) did non find a significant association between living in high traffic density areas and child acute lymphocytic leukaemia. They argued the resultant inconsistency between their findi ngs on the topic and other studies findings could have been because of methodological differences. However, they brought in a plausible explanation to the inconsistency when they cited that different places and regions have varying traffic volumes and rise profiles. Traffic volumes and emission profiles of different places also vary with time and are therefore never stable. Behren et al also explained that the critical time for an environmental exposure to that is enough to cause the development of leukaemia in children is not known.Raaschou-Nielsen et al (2001) investigated the impact of exposure to traffic-related air pollution on the risk of developing childhood cancer. They cerebrate that traffic-related air pollution in residences does not cause leukaemia in children. This finding further supported the moderate association between the two variables. However, these authors explained that their selection of cancer cases and control children from registries that were population -based could have been a source of solidus in their study. They cited that there was a

How to get a Grant up and Running Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to get a Grant up and Running - Essay Examplea Seriousness, the co-chairperson of the Grants Committee said that, We need to rehearse this break capital to fund studies and to create pilot programs which can become self sustaining with regard to barroom and education concerning the problem of small-scale drinking in the Air Force. Jack Notso, the co-chair of the grants committee was briefer in his statement when he said, We finally got the money. Lets see who deserves it.This is likely to be an important suspense since there are individuals within the organization who have presented their own ideas with regard to what could be done with the money for the grant. A poster and media campaign targeting the Air Force had been suggested earlier but was turned down on account of universe too broad. Another plan for implanting experimental medical monitoring chips within the bodies of underage Air Force officers was also turned down when ethical and privacy related questions came into play.The grants committee is tone for workable solutions which will have the least impact on the lives of Air Force officers while bragging(a) them awareness about the issue and teaching them the idea of responsibility with regard to underage drinking. This is certainly a problem which needs a solution but no quick fix or partial solution will be acceptable to the organization. It is clear that the organization is looking at the long bound when it comes to solving the problem of underage drinking in the Air Force and that the projects or studies conducted under the grant should be self sustaining after the initial funding has been provided.More information about the grant and the masking forms are available from the website or the offices of the organization. The grant request statement has to explain why the grant is being requested as well as give a detailed outline of what the money would be used for. Practical solutions that can sustain themselves for a number of years are to be tending(p) priority over studies and research

Defining concept of design thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defining concept of design thinking - Essay idealttributed to the design thinking, it can be considered the most powerful tool when used in an efficient right smart and it can be the basis that drives a brand or business towards success. There atomic number 18 a number of steps that are associated with design thinking which include the interpretation of the task, the creation of options, refining the selected options and kill the chosen selections.This split of the process is perceived to be the simplest but is actually the most important part of the four phases since it mainly identifies the problem that is supposed to be solved (Dandy, 2008, p. 89). The design thinking needs a team or business to always have query of the brief as well as the problem that needs to be addressed and participating in the explanation of the fortune and the revision of the opportunity before starting on its creation and implementation. The participation typically encompasses engagement and the e xtreme cross-examination of the filters that have been utilise in the definition of the problem.As far as design thinking is concerned, observation is at the bone marrow of the process and the observation has the ability to tell the difference between what the people actually do and what they are perceived to be doing (Meinel and Leifer, 2011, p. 163). Getting out of the cube and being involved in the procedures involved, the product obtain experience or the operational theatre is essential and therefore needs a lot of attention.When it comes to the definition of the problem, design thinking also needs cross-functional insight that is directed at each of the problems by the variant views and also a regular and persistent questioning the same way that a small sister would do. This should go on until the basic answers are established and the fundamental underlying issues are recognized and revealed. The definition of the issue by means of design thinking needs the deferment of ju dgment when arriving at the definitions of the problem statement whereby the

Topic of your choice but i have a request can you send your topic Essay

Topic of your choice entirely i have a request can you send your topic choice by thorium a.m. I have to turn in topic thursday in c - Essay interpreterExcited and enthusiastic would describe my mood at the time of judging. My first task was to test my survival of the fittest and meant that I had to run two kilometers in twenty-five legal proceeding. Me run My enthusiasm for fitness instantly littleen by 30% upon visualizing myself running around the block in the midday sun, dying for water and collapsing less than half way around. Nevertheless, once I realized I would be running on a treadmill I decided to give it a go. I felt quite pleased with myself to deject and thought that the task would not be so difficult after all. After ten minutes however, I was not going as fast as I needed to finish the length in the allotted time, so the speed was increased. That was the end for me. I had to stop. I felt my heart was in my mouth and if I took one more step I would send it into oblivion. Strength was the next assessment area, and after composing myself from the endurance catastrophe I keenly ventured into my next venture, for after all I considered myself to be quite strong and able to lift a few weights. My enthusiasm instantly nose-dived by a further 50% on finding that I was not lifting weights but doing push-ups and sit-ups.

Research paper/interview Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

/interview - Research Paper ExampleIt was discovered that detention moreover works to make the delinquents even worse. This is because it brings many delinquent offenders together, and they are able to share ideas and express their unkindness towards the society. Bearing in mind all the findings, the paper went ahead to recommend some alternatives to juvenile detention, much(prenominal) as one-on-one counselling and community service.The juvenile jurist system refers to the correction mechanism use to handle offenders below the age of eighteen. In other words, it is the way the state deal with boyish criminals. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, young criminals were treated the corresponding way as adult criminals. thither were no special slipway in which the criminal justice system dealt with young offenders. All criminals, whether young or adult were considered the same, and they were subjected to the same criminal justice system. There were no juvenile courts n or juvenile prisons. However, as time went by, the society realized that young offenders were special in a way. The reasons they ventured into crime were not the same reasons why adult criminals engaged in crime. The society, and the criminal justice system to be exact, started to find for ways through which the young offenders could be handled more efficiently and according to their special needs (Ramirez, Nd, p. 1).That is how the juvenile justice system came into being. However, one thing that did not change was the correction mechanisms. Up to date, delinquent criminals are unperturbed imprisoned, which is the major correction mechanism in the general criminal justice system. Unfortunately, detention (commonly referred to as imprisonment) has proven to do the young offenders, and the society at large, more harm than good (Leyritania, Nd, p. 1).Juvenile detention has prove to make young offenders worse. There are high chances that a detained juvenile will come turn up of the d etention even more encouraged to commit crime. Detention therefore,

Software Requirement Specification Essay Example for Free

Software Requirement Specification EssayIn existing system, professor takes the attending manually and records the details of absentees or presenters. Using this records professor stores the students attending in each day in the attendance disceptation and calculates the attendance percentage manually. In this system professor moldiness consider each student separately and keep this list safely. It takes lot of time. Professor must(prenominal) spend more time to record the each students attendance in the attendance list.The project aims in implementing software that helps professor to take the attendance using mobile resound. For this mobile must support java application. This project is based on J2ME technology. Professor enters the attendance to the mobile using keypad. It is a manual process. After saving the absentees or presenters in to the mobile, teacher can edit the attendance list in the mobile. And this attendance details can send to a computer using GPRS. After displace the files to a computer, attendance list must be updated automatically. staffs1.User ModuleThe main purpose of the user supply is to provide security. This staff is specially designed for staffs, which use mobile phone to take attendance. Each staff enter username and password before enter in to attendance list. If username and password cannot match, he/she cant enter in to attendance page.2. Attendance Entry ModuleThe purpose of Attendance Entry Module is to grunge the attendance using stall phone. In this module Lecturer takes the attendance using the jail stall phone. Lecturers select the branch, semester and year. After this session he enters in to attendance page. Here staff makes a mark on the absentees.3. GPRS connectivity ModuleThe main function of GPRS connectivity module is sends attendance list to the server database by connecting cell phone with the server through GPRS. In this module attendance list in the cell phone is sends to the database.4. Updatin g the Database ModuleThe first function of this module is to update the attendance list from the cell phone. When the attendance list from the cell phone receives, server automatically updates its database. The server updating the database whether any change from cell phone occurred.5. Display ModuleThe Displaying attendance list Module deals with the WEB application of CBAS. In this module Students can view their attendance through WEB. Student must select the branch and year hence they get the attendance list of the class.6. SMS ModuleThe main advantage of SMS module is that the Students can know their attendance by sending SMS from anywhere. Students send a SMS to the server with their register number. If it is in correct format, the server will replays the attendance of corresponding student through SMS. Otherwise sends an error message.

Zora Neale Hurston and Her Contributions Essay Example for Free

Zora Neale Hurston and Her Contri furtherions EssayAs stated earlier, among the some(prenominal) an(prenominal) prominent Afri loafer American writers that proliferated during the Harlem Renaissance is Zora Neale Hurtson. Her autobiography tells us that it was her mother that urges her to jump at de sun, we force not land on the sun but at least(prenominal) we could get off the primer coat. On one(a) hand, her stimulate would brainwash her that it wont do any good for a Negro to have a high spirit for the sportings cant just stand it. Her grow even anticipated that Zoras going to get hanged before she grows old.Her father maybe depicted as passive departmenticipant in the dingys oppose for social liberation. However, it is claimed that he was just inculcating the appraisal of Southern Survival in his children (Hemen manner 14). As a child, she lived a comfort fitting life at least when her mother was even-tempered alive. Her childhood was a relatively peaceful, cal m, and wealthy life in a non-racist sick community of Eatonville. It was the showtime all- inglorious American community that was self-governed. It is a community where traditional black American glossiness survived and flourished.See much Mark Twains humorous satire in running for governor essayIt was verbalise that Eatonville did not prepargon Hurtson of the racist America and it was nevertheless(prenominal) when she transferred to Jacksonville that she satisfyingized there was a thing called racial discrimination (Witcover 27). Upon the death of her mother she was sent to Florida to go to school with a brother and a sister, Jacksonville is the very role that she learned that she was colored. When she was no longer supported by her father, she resorted in accepting different jobs such as a maid for the whites and a receptionist among others.Moreover, she worked as a waitress and attended school at Morgan Academy. later(prenominal) on, she attended Howard Prep to prep b e herself for the best university for the blacks in the United States. She continued to read voraciously during these measure of her life. Finally, she published her first story in the literary magazine of the school entitled John Redding Goes to ocean. She was discovered by Charles Spurgeon Johnson to write in the hazard Magazine. She agreed and submitted her short stories namely Drenched in Light, Spunk, and a play entitled Color Struck.Johnson saw the potential and world power in her whole caboodle that he invited her to go to come to newborn York and make a name for herself (Campbell 2-3). Opportunity was a major voice in the Harlem Renaissance and her contributions were highly sought by the publishers (Witcover 16). Upon arriving in New York, the Harlem Renaissance is its full swing. in Harlem, there were a number of promising writers, painters, sculptors, musicians, and politicians that ar engaged in activities that aimed for the liberation of African Americans against t he white supremacy. These activities have been considered as unrivaled in the history of the United States.Among these writers be Hurston, Hughes, Cullen, Mckay. sequence they be not the first Black American writers that made its government agency to American literature, they were the first ones to be conscious of themselves as black writers who believed that the bridge between the white and the black races depended upon the arts. Because of their nifty pride in their black heritage, they established traditions that were followed by other prominent subsequent African American writers in the United States such as Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, and James Baldwin (Campbell 3).Her belles-lettres are obviously chronicles of the black life, more or less specifically the lives of the working and the lower-class people in the rural South in the United States. Her works stand along the vast and rich documentary sources of the black experiences from labor to socialization. However, what s unique with Hurtsons literary contributions is that unlike her detractors way of portraying the blacks which view them vis-a-vis the whites, Hurtsons dah involves the portrayal of the blacks in their own terms. While oppression against the black is palpable during that era and is one of the deary themes written by most African American writers, Hurtson chose to do away from oppression. She chose to represent and portray what and the blacks are doing and not what is done to them by their oppressors and tormentors. Her style zoomed in to the very nature of black life and examined them as black people that are heart-to-heart of asserting their identities.Furthermore, her style allowed her to dissect every bit and bundle of the inner world of the African American life which aimed for one and only important thing self-government among the blacks (Plant 43). Hurtson depicted the beauty of the black culture by incorporating the experiences of the black people that were considered the underbelly of the black life. She manipulated the white patronage of Harlem Renaissance to her advantage. She is being criticized by her male contemporaries as being primitive in her portrayal of the American life for she has adhered to the stereotypes of black people that the Whites shell outd.However, Hurtson in addition highlighted her criticism towards these perceived conception of the Whites towards the Blacks for she believed that they are incapable of becoming a custodian of the black culture. Moreover, apart from being a place of racial discrimination, Hurtson regarded the South as a place of heathen creativity, family, and religion, where everyday life was lived with integrity in the middle of struggle against racial oppression (Patterson 10). She believes in the experiences of the Southern Blacks as a rich subject in the arts and literature.Each Negro has the right to self-identity despite racist ideologies. This can be done by exploring the complex culture of Southe rn black towns, and discuss the every day life of black workers, black wives, and black children. Her emphasis on the experiences of the Southern blacks makes her portrayal of the African-American life even more real (Patterson 12-13). Eatonville is the most important geographic landmark in most of her short stories and novels. It was the town where she grew up and her father serving as a mayor.As a child, she grew up hearing stories in the porch of Joe Clarkes, both the porch and the stories are retold by Hurtson in her fiction (Campbell 15). When it comes to the characters of her short stories and novels, they are not only heroic, often fighting big odds, but they in like manner demonstrate growth. Hurtsons protagonists are always in a state of becoming. They became capable of looking inside themselves in order to discover thei place in the world around them. much they struggle against what they should become (Campbell 14). For instance, Sweat is a story of a typical Negro lif e in Eatonville as many of her stories setting. It chronicles the experiences of Delia and her marriage to her husband Sykes. Their married life has always been in a downhill. At the onset, Delia has always been tortured and abused by Sykes. Secondly, Sykes has been seeing other women and has been maintaining a concubine. While it was Delia who sweated and earned for their survival, Sykes was tacit very ungrateful. He even plotted to kill her and get rid of her so he can live in her house with her concubine.In the end, he failed and Delia was able to take penalize against his abuses and tortures. On a deeper level, it romanticizes the theme of male domination over women and the feminine power that transcends all kinds of struggles. It highlights the strength of a charr through Delias ability to support herself and her husband despite his infidelity and brutality against her. This is just a mundane story of the Negros in a black community. It doesnt in any way dress down about op pression done by the whites. It just talks about two characters that are regular(a) in themselves that can stand as an embodiment of a typical Negro life.This is Hurtsons way of asserting the African-American identity beyond any comparison and approximation of the superiority of the Whites. This is Hurtsons way inculcating self-determination among the African-Americans who for a long time thought of themselves as subordinate to the Whites and the Europeans. By celebrating their experiences as unique, the blacks were able to believe in the beauty of their heritage and to find joy in their identities. Apart from being a black writer that is obviously aware of the African Americans sensibilities regarding black oppression and subordination, she is also an anthropologist.As Hemenway noted, Anthropology is an advantage for Zora for her to understand her deeper cultural roots. Her experiences of African American life plus her great pinch of the nature of their traditions and practices m ade her portrayal of the black experiences more poignant and authentic. In a particular instance, she understood the richness and mutilayered meanings of the oral tradition and the creativity and imagination of black language and story telling (Campbell 4). As a student of Franz Boa, Hurtson learned to appreciate and see the cultural wealth and legacy of her community more fully.By her skill, k right offledge, and understanding of the nuances of African American, she strived to prove that the native Black Americans experiences and arts has both genius and legitimacy that is traceable to the Africans and not the Westerns. Her fieldworks armed her with all the needed knowledge to prove to the Whites and the elitist Black Americans that their deeply-rooted culture is beyond to what the Whites has imposed on the Blacks (Plant 41). Her writings are best known as folklorism. In this style of writing, one exhibits the peculiarities of their cultures and traditions (Grinker 390).In her s tories, Hurtson incorporates myths, legends, customs, practices and allegories that are uniquely and authentically African-Americans regardless of the Westerns criticism of their practices as backward. It is Hurstons way of asserting Blacks way of life in its purest form. Apart from being a brilliant writer and chronicler of the Blacks experiences, Hurtsons writings are also concern with the struggle of women in their search for emancipation against the issues of gender and race.She acknowledged the violence that is present among the lives of African American women but at the same time she criticizes the male domination that caused this violence. This was a bold position during those times where only a few writers like Hurtson can do among many other African American writers (Patterson 8). She hinder the perceived notion of women as oppressed and helpless as commonly portrayed in American Literature. She is known for her depiction of nonstereotypical black women such as rendering them as strong and courageous.As seen in the abovementioned example, Delia was the victor from the beginning up to the end. While she is being tortured and beaten up by her husband, she survived. While she is being emotionally battered by her husband, she endured. While she is being threatened to death by her husband, she avenged herself. Another example would be Janie in Their Eyes Are Watching God is one of the earliest American women to develop cultural and personal identity (Champion 166). However, this feminist stance of Hurtson was not immediately recognized during the period.Her intellectual ideologies have been given little attention at the time for the reason that there was still a palpable exclusion of Black womens thoughts in the intellectual discourse of that era (Plant 2). She has been criticized by Richard Wright as having no interest in serious fiction. He said that Hurtson just continued to propagate the tradition that was forced upon the Negroes in her stories an d novels which makes the Whites laugh. Wright wrote about blacks that resist the supremacy of the Whites but then Hurtson is the opposite.She wrote about the bleakness of the Blacks in such a beautiful manner and in such a colourful manner. The Black peoples nakedness, according to her, is not something that should be suppressed and forgotten. She believes that it should be accepted as part of the frontier spirit that defines each African American in a black community (Patterson 33-34). Her crowning(prenominal) moral stance is not only to absolve whites, past and present, of any wrong doing, but also to claim some value in the experience of imprisonment.She emphasized the fact that despite the rigour and moral wrong of slavery, the Blacks still maintain a materially, intellectually, morally, and religiously strong and hopeful condition. Her writings do not dwell in the cruelties of the past and the cruelties of slavery and enslavement among the Blacks, she focused in the present , and noteworthy the character that the Blacks developed and adopt in the course of the oppression. She wrote on how their lives have become after the enslavement and how they have maintained their culture in tact and unique among any other nation.She created some distance in the past that made a room in the understanding of the present. Too much expression in the past is a hindrance to the Blacks Present endeavours. The idea is to settle for from now on (Plant 41). Hurtson was able to resist and subvert cultural hegemony because of a powerful worldview. This is traceable to her individual worldview caps theory of self-help, industry, and personal responsibility her anthropological study under Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict among many others.All these contribute to an unwavering philosophy of individualism that help her survive the palpable racism bombarded towards the Blacks. These are also the contributing factors that developed her strength and will to resist negative control ling images and overcome Anglo-American hegemony. Her individualistic stance enabled her to engender an autonomous self that is necessary in the negotiation of hostilities in the community that she lived in along with all other African-Americans in the United States (Plant 4) Her philosophy of individualism is deeply rooted from the African-American folk ethos as a fundamental site of resistance. She understood the importance of the African American cultures role in the emancipation of the African American people as an individual and as a community. She emphasized the idea of cultural survival as an important ingredient liberation and cultural appreciation as an important process in decolonization among the African Americans. She believed that the answer towards liberation lies in the African American culture and traditions themselves. To reclaim the Black life is to resist the Anglo-American domination and this can only be done by romanticizing the importance self-definition and se lf-emancipation among the Blacks (Plant 4).

Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Counterproductive Work Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Counterproductive Work Behaviour EssayOrganisational behaviour is the study of kind-hearted behaviour in the get toplace, the inter functionion between people and the organisation, and organisation itself (Dubrin 2002, p. 2). In most of the organisational behaviour literary works re assure, the following five types of behaviours are often highlighted- task performance, organisational citizenship, counterproductive work behaviours, joining and staying with the organisation and work attendance (McShane, Olekalns Travagli ace, 2009). These singular-level dependent vari satisfactorys are present in most OB research which has a earthshaking impact on the effectiveness of organisations.In my following essay, I go away be highlighting on two of the above factors-mainly Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behaviour (CWB). I testament be discussing on how various authors agree that different personalities and positive affectivity levels contri furthithers to the emergence of OCB and that how different authors view the stand of considering all OCB as conscious acts based on own accord. In accession, I will similarly be discussing the til nowt in which a consensus has been reached by most authors that job dis comfort is one contributing factor of CWB and that CWB, organism outlined as harmful in nature, has been challenged by some authors to be a justifiable act.OCBOrganisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been specify as individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the semi-formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the validation (Organ, cited in Vigoda-Gadot, 2006, p. 3) or as individual behavior that promotes the goals of the organization by contributing to its social and psychological environment (Organ Rotundo Sackett, cited in Vigoda-Gadot, 2006, p. 3). Personality and unconditional AffectivityPersonality refers to the enduring, inner characteristics of individuals that organise their behaviour (Derlega et al, cited in Rothmann Cooper, 2008, p. 24) and personality traits predict what a person will do as opposed to what he or she can do (Rothmann Cooper 2008, p. 24).As such, it is agree that citizenship performance is well predicted by personality variables (Penner, Allen, Motowidlo, 2001 Hurtz Donovan, cited in Barrick Ryan 2003). It is also stated that differences in citizenship performance by the employees are clearly tied to the differences in their personalities and attitudes (Landy Conte 2004) and looking atings about their work, also known as affects (Lee Allen 2002).I came crosswise this survey done by (Bierhoff, Klein Kramp, ed. spud 1996) in which first aiders who rushed to the aid of the accident victims virtually immediately scored lower on a measure of egocentrism- the absorption with one selfs lives and family. They also scored higher on a measure of empathy in which they expressed a greater level of apprehension for separatewises (ed. spud 1996). From the above results, I feel that various personality factors do influence the end of one to render help to others in that locationby performing citizenship performance which expediencys the organisation as a whole.In addition to the above, I have learnt that the higher the level of positive affect, the higher the level of willingness to help is in individuals (ed. Murphy 1996). Besides the helping behaviour, I have also learnt that maintaining a positive mood in the mannikin of our work whitethorn also inadvertently lead us to performing unneeded component part behaviours (e.g. defend the organisation and developing oneself in terms of upgrading ones skills to the benefit of the organisation) (George and Brief, cited in Lee Allen, 2002). To my surprise, I found that positive affect is not just influenced on a personal level but also due to external environm ental factors. These include the differences in shades of lightings at our workplaces (Baron et al, cited in ed. Murphy 1996) and even front line of pleasant smelling artificial fragrances in our workplaces (Baron Bronfen 1994, cited in ed. Murphy 1996). Performed based on free will?Most of the recent studies and researches on OCB have pointed out that it is based on voluntary helping behaviours. However, (Vigoda-Gadot E 2006, p. 1 ) pointed out on focusing on the exploitative and abusive tendency of supervisors and managements to impose so-called voluntary or extra-role activities via compulsory mechanisms in the workplace, thereby refuting the formal definition of OCB being performed based on good will and free choice. In fact, some of these behaviours categorised under OCB whitethorn well be categorised under Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCB) (Vigoda-Gadot 2006, p. 1).By reviewing the Expectancy Theory (Griffin Ebert 2005, p. 246) in which people are motivated to work to wards rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable get hold or expectancy of obtaining it in mind, I have actually agreed with the view that there is ofttimes possibility that OCB can also arise from other motives, some of them slight voluntary or less self-initiated. Among these motivations are the abusive and exploitative behavior of immediate supervisors and the pressure by management or peers to hold up involved in activities in which the employee would otherwise not involve himself (Tepper, cited in Vigoda-Gadot 2006, p. 3).CWBCounterproductive Work Behaviours (CWB) is delineate as voluntary behaviours that have the potential to directly or indirectly harm the organisation (McShane, Olekalns Travaglione T, 2009, p. 18). ancestry DissatisfactionJob dissatisfaction is defined as a set of unfavourable feelings and emotions with which employees view their work (Newstrom Davis 1997, p. 255). It seems that authors have a consensus on job dissatisfaction contributing to the emergence and high levels of CWB. It is stated that dissatisfied employees may engage in psychological withdrawal (e.g. daydreaming during job), physical withdrawal (eg unauthorized absence, early departures, extended breaks, work slowdowns) or even overt acts of aggression and retaliation for presumed wrong.There are many factors influencing job dissatisfaction which includes organisational factors like pass and promotion opportunities and the working condition itself. Group factors like the role of supervisor and co-workers personal factors like take and aspiration and how are these met, and how individuals views he instrumental benefits of the job also contributes to job dissatisfaction( Rothmann Cooper 2008, p. 24).Though I am in agreement that job dissatisfaction is a strong contributor to the performance of CWB, I feel that CWB may also be induce by other factors like accumulated work render leading to the emergence of violence which is one form of CWB. Similarly, theft cases in the company, which is another form of CWB, may just be a personal justification of the employees due to a perception of lost integrity in the course of their work (Newstrom Davis 1997).Justifiable ActVarious authors held on to their individual stands regarding the topic on CWB. In most of my readings, authors agreed that CWB are actually harmful acts towards either individuals or towards the organisation itself. However, (Fox 2002) had presented a different point of view discussing the view that CWB may could well be a justifiable act which is clearly challenging the most conventional definition of CWB which is being veto in nature.(Fox 2002, p. 2) expanded the definition of CWB to include unintentional harm, as long as the act itself is volitional- an act which is motivated by other reasons to cause harm. Hence with this expanded definition, it raises the possibility of constructive CWB. In their article, they have considered on 3 categories of argumen ts which are moral issues, role conflicts and productivity arguments.I personally feel strongly for the argument on role conflicts. Many of the withdrawal behaviours may be seen as counterproductive in the perspective of managers or even organisations. However, these behaviours shown may be required to be fulfilled by the employees in the perspectives of their family and even the community. Putting in simpler terms, employees may be expected by the society to perform these behaviours so as to be able to strike a work-life balance. Hence, I feel that CWB should not be seen as just a negative behaviour which is purely deviant from an organisations objectives as I strongly feel for the presence of positive CWB.Key FindingsIn this modern age, to adapt and survive in a workplace, other than render oneself with the generic skill of problem solving, it is also vital to place great importance on arrangement fellow colleagues as this will lead to self knowledge and self insight (Dubrin 200 2, p. 4). By intelligence what motivates others to perform OCB through the study of organisational behaviour, it will also in turn allow employees to gain an disposition on what motivates them to have similar behaviours. Inadvertently, this may bring them to a greater level of job satisfaction which also leads to greater organisational effectiveness as a whole.In addition, studying organisational behaviours enhances a professional or managers effectiveness relating to their interpersonal skills. Hence, if solid interpersonal skills are added on to ones professional or managerial knowledge, it will certainly be a bonus towards an organisations overall service and productivity.Hence, information about organisational behaviours is vital to be known to the employees in organisations.ReflectionIf I were given a chance to assume the role of manager in an organisation, the notion of having OCB being induced by compulsion as mentioned earlier on will certainly be omitted by me as I feel t hat though it is an important goal of managers everywhere to make employees aware of the benefits of OCB and ideally, encourage it, it is faraway more important to conduct it through a legitimate way and not by other means such as abusive or exploitative activities. In this way, I believe conventional OCB will indeed be truly promoted as the employees will be serving and going the extra mile for the organisation in the most genuine way as I agree with the view that a person who engages in OCB might receive appreciation and recognition that induce positive moods and there will be a greater likelihood of repeating the OCB (Miles et al, cited in Zirgham 2009, p. 85) which will greatly benefit the organisation.A discrepancy often exists among managers and employees about the definition of certain work tasks being in-role or extra-role. severally behaviour may be different for different people as every employee in an organization perceives job requirements differently (e.g. for service sectors), helping others may be a routine, but some may see it as beyond their job scope. By acknowledging this in the position of an employee, I will be able to anticipate this possible occurrence of conflict between managers and employees and thus, expand the boundaries for the definition of my job scope. In this way, I believe that my chances of managerial exploitation and workplace abuse by supervisors to perform compulsive OCB will be reduced to the minimum.ConclusionOCB is a stable behaviour emerging in workplaces and it will unendingly act as a value adding criterion in ones performance. However, it will just now act as a value adding criterion only when it is performed through the free choice of employees and not by coercion means and negative external pressures. Thus, we have to be aware and alert so as to preserve the original positive results of OCB being performed, leading to a more successful and healthy establishment of an organisation.CWB is always seen as a condu ct having an adverse relationship with OCB. However, as the saying goes- there are always two sides to the same coin we should probably broaden our perspectives in our view towards CWB and intromit the notion that CWB may not be necessary all detrimental in nature.

The Sons Veto Essay Example for Free

The Sons Veto Essay examine aspects of prejudice in deplume Of Thunder, Hear My Cry, by Mildred Taylor, and, The Sons Veto, by Thomas Hardy. Prejudice The act of prejudging a subject or group of subjects on the basis of opinions that ar not grounded in particular or experience. Prejudice can be on the basis of race, religion, political view, age, appearance or cultural standstill Many people flip different views on prejudice, what it is and whether its right or wrong. Some people may believe that prejudice is racism, but prejudice is when you bedevil an opinion of someone or something without knowledge of what they or it are really like. It may be class or colour, rich or poor, its all prejudice. In this essay I will compare the aspects of prejudice in Roll Of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred Taylor, and, The Sons Veto, by Thomas Hardy. I will look at how separationism is achieved in each paper and the consequences of it. Roll Of Thunder, is a story about a black family i n the southern states of America in the 1930s. At this point in American history, prejudice against blacks was at an all time high. Sharecropping was a touch get rid of of life then. The story focuses on the Logan family and their struggle against racism.They have their own land, so they dont have to share-crop, but the local anaesthetic land owner, Harlan Granger, wants their land, and this book is about their struggle to keep it, and their fight against racism. The Sons Veto, is a story of a youthful woman who has suffered from class prejudice for all her life since she fell down some stairs and was laboured to use a wheelchair. Before she had her injury she was courting a gardener named Sam, when she had her injury, the vicar she was serving felt sombre for her, and decided that he should marry her.Now, because of the social status of the vicar, she could not refuse, but this would be social suicide for the vicar. The story shows the prejudice that Sophy has to suffer, and how even those very close to you, can prejudge. In the very beginning of Roll Of Thunder, the Logan children have a long walk to school, as they are walking along the dirty, dusty road, a school bus from the Jeffer male child Davis School, a white school comes speeding towards the children. The bus driver deliberately drives the children towards the begrime banks of the road, he comes so close that the children are forced to dive into the bank.As the bus speeds past thither are white children on the bus laughing and shouting nigger, nigger, mud eater and other comments, this shows us that racism is very prominent here because even children are taught to speak like this to people. Another affair is when curt man receives his badly conditioned book from miss Crocker, he is incensed that the books have been fling by white pupils and handed down to the inferior black schools as soon as they are no longer good enough for white pupils.The point is also driven by the fact that there i s chart in the book, which states the condition that the book that is in, and the colour of the pupil using it. It states that the book has been in circulation for eleven years and now that the book is in a dismal state, the book is given to the nigga student. The perception of societys feelings to the blacks is made clear to us early in the story by these incidents, showing us that the whites thing they are somehow better than the blacks, and deserve better books and equipment, we also see that blacks are dislike so much that even children are taught to taunt them, and make fun of them.In The Sons Veto, the story is started off at a charity fair, and Sophy, the main character in the story, is sitting in a wheelchair, with passers by consummate(a) at her as they move past. Why do they need to look? Is it abnormal for a person in a wheelchair to come to a charity fair? No, what we are seeing is the view of people towards others of a lower class than themselves. The book says a b oy of 12 or 13 who stood beside her, and the shape of whose hat and jacket implied that he belonged to a well known public school. The immediate bystanders could realise that he had called her mother. This show us that the bystanders are surprised to see a woman like that, of a working class, to be the mother of a well made boy like this. A little later Sophy talks to Randolph, her son, and she says He have been so comfortable these last few hours that I am sure he cannot have missed us immediately after Randolph exclaims Has, dear mother, not have He speaks with impatient fastidiousness that was almost harsh, and Sophy immediately adopts the correction with no retaliation or resent for him qualification it, this is showing us that its not just society that looks down on her, but her own sonThe perception of society towards Sophy is made clear early on the story because of both of these incidents, the passers by staring at her, and her son correcting her grammar. In Roll Of Thund er we see many cases of segregation by colour, segregation is when one group of people separate themselves to better social standards that another group of people. One of the soonest cases we see is that the white pupils from the Jefferson High come past in a school bus, but the Logan children have to walk to school, This is where the segregation of the classes really begins.

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn EssayGrowing up, children argon often told things that large ups would question, as people grow they learn to question those things too. In the book The Adventures of Hucklberry Finn written by motley fool Twain. Huck faces the ch whollyenge of either following what every wizard is telling him is right, that he knows is wrong, or going against the granulate and standing up for what he knows is right. Throughout the book Huck is unsure in what he believes and struggles to observe if what he is taught is wrong. The widow took over the role as guardian for Huck since his father and mother are both out of the picture.When Huck was being raised by his father he wasnt taught any ethics or values, so the widow took this as an opportunity to make Huck into a person whose demeanor was all about morals. In the book the widow tells Huck that hell is bad and that heaven is good, but Huck is unsure that he should believe everything that she is tell ing him. Huck decides that going to hell, if it means following his intestine and not societys hypocritical and cruel principles, is a better option than going to everyone elses heaven. All right then, Ill go to hell (245). This is Hucks true break with the world around him. Huck faces the moral conflict of whether or not to turn Jim in because it is what society dubbed as the right thing to do. I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him but when he says this, it seemed to kind of take the tuck all out of me (89). Right off from the beginning, Huck wanted to turn Jim in because it was against societys rules to service of process a slave escape and Huck knew it. But when Jim said that, Huck yous de bes fren Jims ever had en you is de and fren ole Jims got now (89). helped Huck to grasp the concept that there is a friendship in the making. Even though Huck didnt turn Jim in, he is till troubled by his conscience when the slave catchers were passing because he knows it is wrong to help a slave. Still Huck cannot bring himself forward to tell on Jim, thus submiting that his innate sense of right exceeds that of society. The con-mens attempt to pose as the brothers of the late light beam Wilks is an important part of Hucks moral amazement.The Duke and King try to take Peters estate, however, Huck decides to return the money to Peters triad daughters. This action demonstrates further moral growth, as he does choose to abandon the two con-men. Huck intimate that people can be nice and show each other that they care about one another. Women would walk up to Peters daughters and kiss their foreheads, and then put their hand on theirhead, and looked up towards the sky, with the tears lead down, and then busted out and went off sobbing and swabbing, and give the next woman a show (159). Huck has never seen anything so disgusting. When Huck Finn sees one of the daughters crying beside the coffin, it makes a deep impact on him. Hucks religious beliefs a nd moral standards cross pathes as he handles the situation. When Huck says, All right then, Ill go to hell (245). He has decided to go against what society tells him to do by freeing Jim. Throughout the replete(p) book Huck struggles with separating his own moral beliefs and what society tells him is the right thing to do.From the beginning of the book Huck showed that he did not always believe what people told and went against the grain when he said he wanted to go to hell instead of heaven. The moral development that Huck shows throughout the book causes Huck to develop other traits as well, such as compassion and sincerity towards others. Huck really came out of his scale leaf and fully developed his moral beliefs when he gave the money back that the con-men stole to the three girls. It allowed Huck to repulse in touch with his emotional side of his moral beliefs and it told him what th right thing to do was.

Formal essay Essay Example for Free

Formal essay EssayThe redress relationship is an Copernican component of nursing. Nurses use their give sensation of egotism as a valuable tool to build rapport with patients and develop the redress relationship. This essay will demonstrate the importance of egotism sentience by discussing how it can be developed, the advantages of self-importance awareness, and the consequences of not practising self awareness in nursing contexts.There are a number of ship canal that a nurse can develop self awareness. Smith and Jones (2012) suggested that self awareness can be developed by Johns and Harrison (2009) agreed, but also suggested that would be useful. However, there was some disagreement with these findings. A explore study conducted by Marks and Spencer (2010) found that Although some of these authors disagreed on the methods of developing self awareness, what they did agree on was the advantages for patients if nurses are self aware.When nurses are self aware, benef its for the patient accept The benefit to talk was stated unquestionably by Lewis and Carroll (2008) who found that Similarly, other authors dumbfound noted that (Brown, Green, 2009 Butcher, Baker, 2011). There are also benefits for the nurse who is selfaware. For example, Similarly, healthcare organisations can benefit when their staff are more self aware because The benefits of self awareness have been clearly demonstrated, but consideration must also be given to what might run across to a therapeutic relationship if nurses are not self aware.If a nurse is not self aware, the ramifications for the therapeutic relationship can be severe. Smith and Jones (2012) reported on an instance where a need of self awareness on the part of a nurse vector sumed in They suggested that greater self awareness on the part of the nurse would have Other possible results of a lack of self awareness on the part of a nurse include (Brown, Green, 2009).It is therefore clear that poor se lf awareness on the part of a nurse can severely influence the development of a therapeutic relationship which can adversely affect the outcomes for the patient.In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated the importance of nurses having genuine self awareness if they are to develop effective therapeutic relationships with their patients. The main methods for developing self awareness were reviewed, including When nurses have developed good self awareness, there are benefits for patients, nurses and health organisations, including However, if nurses do not have good self awareness, possible adverse influences on the therapeutic relationship and on patient outcomes can include Thus, it is undeniable that self awareness is a significant skill that nurses need to acquire.Reflection (200 words)There has been an spacious change in my perception of the role and function of nurses since I started university. I initially regarded registered nurses as mainly providers of medication who c omfort patients in pain. Moreover, I of all time thought that patients would be cordial to nurses.The idea that nurses could scene violent patients was totally new to me. However, I now comprehend that nurses need to employ effective communication strategies tocoordinate the care of patients and also deal with the possible threat of aggressive patients. As a result of this learning, I have realised that I do not know how to deal with aggressive patients, so I will attend a workshop to start developing skills in this area. I was always under the impression that nurses went into hospital wards and directly commenced treatment. On the contrary, from readings that I have done, I understand that it is important to obtain patient permission before commencing treatment.Some patients make decisions somewhat treatments themselves, while others might confab with family members. This could be for cultural reasons, but I have realised that I lack knowledge about other cultures. Therefore, I will try to learn more about the different cultures of the people with whom I work and study.Andre, K., Heartfield, M. (2011). Nursing and Midwifery Portfolios Evidence of Continuing Competence. Chatswood, NSW Elsevier.Bulman, C., Schutz, S. (2013). Reflective practice session in Nursing. Chichester, UK WileyBlackwell. Dempsey, J., Wilson, V. (2009). Thoughtful Practice Self-awareness and reflection. In J. Dempsey, J. French, S. Hillege, V. Wilson (Eds.) Fundamentals of Nursing and Midwifery. Broadway, NSW Wolters Kluwer.Johns, C. (2009). Becoming a Reflective Practitioner. Oxford, UK Wiley-Blackwell. Timmins, F. (2008). Making Sense of Portfolios A pick out for Nursing Students,Nursing Students. Maidenhead, UK Open University Press.Usher, K., Holmes, C. (2010). Reflective practice what, why and how. In J. Daly, S. Speedy, D. Jackson (Eds.) Contexts of Nursing. Chatswood, NSW Elsevier

Miss Havisham Essay Example for Free

girl Havisham Essay get off Havisham is first introduced to the lector when Mr Pumblechook (Pips Uncle) announces that girlfriend Havisham Requests Pips presence to play at her house. cut down Havisham fits into the main plot because she trains Estella to break their hearts. When Pip sees Estella for the fist time, he instantly falls in love with her. Miss Havisham sees this and she encourages Pip to do so. Miss Havisham was also, in Pips eyes, the cause of his Great expectations Miss Havisham may also have been placed in the refreshed by Dickens, To explore how the effects of bad experiences on people. In this case it would be Miss Havisham being leave on her get hitched with dayIn the first description of Satis house you get the image of a dilapidated house that has been aban dod even though there is someone there still sustenance there. When pip goes to miss Havishams house she asks him to touch her heart. This according to her is Broken. When Miss Havisham says I so metimes have mould fancies this shows that Miss Havisham is mentally disturbed in the head. Satis house is an old decaying house, which was turned this way by Miss Havishams neglect.When Pip returns to miss Havishams she takes him into her wedding breakfast room. There is a rotting cake in the mettle of the table. This sums up Miss Havishams life perfectly. Forgotten and Mouldy. Another thing that is made out to be fantastic is that all the clocks have been stopped at twenty to nine. This makes it sound like her life has been frozen in time, as she also wore one shoe, half her veil was arranged and she still wore a decaying wedding dress. This makes the readers believe that she has frozen time at that exact point.Miss Havisham plays an important part in the refreshing as she leads pip into believing that she was his benefactor because he believed that she was rearing him for Estella when in fact it was the convict (Magwitch). Miss Havishams character at the beginning of the nov el is made out to be cruel and heartless, however later(prenominal) on in the novel she turns over a new leaf and begs for Pips pity just before she is burnt to death.Charles Dickens explores the theme of sin and forgiveness in the novel. Throughout the novel some of the people who have sinned tried to redeem themselves the other people who have sinned havent. In addition, Dickens explores the theme of what is a dismal man. Compyson Who jilted Miss Havisham and manipulated Magwitch into doing his dirty work was considered a gentle man whereas Joe Gargery took in pip even though he was not related to him in any way took Pip in and gave him an apprenticeship at the forge was not considered a gentle man because he had to work for a living.Dickens explores more an(prenominal) themes in the Novel. The main one being the effects on people after a bad experience. In this case this is through Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham in a heartfelt way loved Compeyson and she cast away most of he r family who forewarned her that he was trouble, But she ignored them all and when she got jilted by him on her wedding day she realised that her family were right. After this Miss Havisham adopted Estella so she could raise her up to be invulnerable to the effects of society were in actual fact she was more vulnerable when she grew up. Miss Havisham also raised her up to break the hearts of men. This in a way is revenge for what Compeyson consecrate Miss Havisham Through.Another theme in the novel is sin and forgiveness. In Victorian society many people went to church so many people believed in Heaven and Hell. Throughout the novel many people sin. Magwitch, Compeyson, Miss Havisham Orlick and many more. Some of these people try to redeem themselves like Magwitch who became a sneaking(a) benefactor to Pip.I sleep rough so you can sleep smooth also Miss Havisham realises that that she has destroyed two peoples lives. She tries to redeem herself by grovelling to Pip. Oh what have I done she also explains what she did to Estella I stole her heart and put ice in its place. This shows that Miss Havisham realised how she has raised her to be cruel, emotionless, and how she destroyed Estellas life. Other people, who sinned, like Compeyson, were killed in a most horrific way. Drowning in a river while having a fight with Magwitch killed Compeyson.Over all Miss Havisham started in the novel to be a cruel, perverted character however towards the end of the novel she redeems herself by begging for Pips forgiveness.

Learning outcome Essay Example for Free

Learning exposecome EssayUnderstand diversity, comp atomic number 18 and inclusion in avouch atomic number 18a of responsibility 1.1.1There ar two gets that link with equality, diversity and inclusion, the first one is the social model of constipation which views discrimination and prejudice as being embedded in todays society, their lieus and their surrounding environment. The social model focuses on who the adult is as mortal non what their harm or diagnosis is, the focus is on how to improve and empower the individuals life and return a more independent life as possible. The second model is the medical model of disability which views adults has having an impairment or lacking in some way, this model focuses on impairments that the adult has and finding and acknowledging ship tinal to correct them.The client crowd at my current place of devise ar adults with mild skill disability and some of the residents get down a dual diagnosis of mental wellness issues as well. both(prenominal) the social and medical model has an impact on their daily life. The companyss ethos is to empower the residents and in satisfactory them to contribute a normal life as possible. This is done by providing and engaging them in their proclaim individualised individual centred plans and asking their opinions on what they like how they like it etc. allowing them to make informed choices for them self-importance and whether they have the readiness to make these decisions.1.2 Analyse the potential dos of barriers to equality and inclusion in testify ara of responsibility The potential effects that the residents will experience in this caveat setting are prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice happens when society lacks education and the understanding of different cultures and how society looks at it. Prejudice begins by making assumptions of a certain client group i.e. plurality with learning disability and mental wellness issues are frame into a cert ain box.3.1 Analyse how systems and processes can promote equality and inclusion or reinforce discrimination and exclusion The compare human action is a legislation that is in place to control that people are given equal rights and opportunities regardless of their age, gender, disability, race,religion or belief and sexual orientation. This legislation promotes diversity, equality and inclusion by making it a requirement that they are commonly practiced and incorporated into the health and social care setting, making it illegal to discriminate against a person/or persons for any reason.The principal(prenominal) Acts incorporated into the Equality Act 2010 are The Care Quality Commission The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 Human Rights Act 1998 The Equal Pay Act 1970 The Sex Discrimination Act 1999 The Race traffic Act 2003If these codes of practice and legislations where not to be followed the consequences can be diverse. They can effect just one individual or can effect an entire team of social care implementers. By not following the codes of practice and the legislation you could cause a table service user to touch sensation discriminated against which would have negative effects much(prenominal) as making them feel isolated or un-heard and could lead to more problems that would effect the people around them as well as the individual . By not using inclusive practice you may find that the service user might be get in a situation in which they are not happy which could make them act out in a way that could effect their future and how other team members interact with them. The service has a low number of service users from other black and cultural backgroundsThere are few module members from black and cultural backgrounds (I have recently recruited a female member of staff who originates from Ghana ) few service users display prejudice by refusing support from a balck worker Waiting for a handicapped woman to be clear through the CRB process to become a volunteer focusing on media and creative writing. Decision making processes for service users through the person centred plans which for some of the people in the service I give care still are powerless as staff determine outcomes for the person oddly for people with limited communication. There are a number of people who are institutionalised and because they are older this is unlikely to change. Staff attitudes towards women for example verbalize Hey girl I respond to this by saying my name is Alison and I manage the service. I feel in that location islittle respect of peoples positions inwardly the organisation. There needs to be teaching of professionalism staff using appropriate language when in the work place. I feel undermined as a woman spirt policy systems for discriminationSimple changes as everyone using the same mugs and staff having drinks at the same time as people who use the service. Equality Act 2010 is the law that bands unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the work place and wider society. come along cultural diversity social work student on 9 week placement from the nock Republic unable spend quality time with her to discuss how the service Ankar Hindu temple exultation of their 8 night festival Health wellbeing day promotion of healthy Asian riff foods for many people who attended the day this was a new experience including myself. 3.2it is important to promote equality and explain without causing offence why some practices are unacceptable The key anti-oppressive component of person-to-person ands social history discussed in chapter one understanding and valuing the cultural and spiritual heritage of families and communities within which individuals are situated, but recognising the continually changing dynamics of that experience. ( slay, Clifford 200911) Anti-Oppressive ethics and values in Social Work Derek Clifford and Beverley BurkeCreating an environment to learn through music and singing for example gospel choir. The organisation is predominately white with its origins from the Christian Brothers established in Belgium. Their principles for caring for orphaned children and children with disabilities. As a manager it is important to ensure that people are given the opportunity to make informed decisionsBurke, B. Clifford, C. (2009) Anti-Oppressive Ethics and Values in Social Work, Palgrave Macmillan 3.3 tog up different cultural days /celebrationsRecruit more volunteers from cultural backgroundOut reach work with other cultures and religions allowing people to gain insight into how other people live.4 Be able to manage the risks presented when balancing individual rights and professional duty of care.4.1 The people I am responsible for have vary degrees of learning disabilities therefore their level of understanding in some cases is limited owing to their life experiences. The mass of people have never had the opportunity to make informed decisions. The Mental Cap acity Act 2005 states that you can make decisions acting in persons best interests. Duty of care ensuring a person is not put at risk and keeping people safe. It is difficult for some staff to understand the power they hold and dont always make the best decision for the person.4.2Informed choice this is giving people the appropriate information to make a decision. It has to be in a format that the person understands such as easy read pictorial as most people who I support have limited literacy skills. Using pictures are and basic sign language can help. Service user group meets monthly chaired by the people who use the service to discuss what happens in the service4.3Individual capacity is based on a persons IQ and socialisation from childhood to adulthood most behaviours are learned. The people I support in most cases have been with the organisation since childhood there fore are institutionalised so decision making is very difficult for them. It is almost implemental wanting to p lease the member of staff by agreeing through repeating what the staff member had said. You could struggle that the people we support are conditioned to give their personal power away to staff. There are minority of staff who say they acting in the persons best interests but are actually exploiting their power. 4.4Propose a strategy to manage risksFinancial policy when handling peoples personal monies ensuring they are supported to handle their own money to the best of their ability. Assess the persons capacity level of understandingWork on a life skill guiding the person through decision making stages economize a risk assessment for each activity undertaken.Travelling alone in machine politicians ring the persons home first to check support staff are there. Ring for taxi. Support person into the taxi give taxi information on whether the person can talk confirm channelize and that a member of staff will meet the person at the final destination and pay. ring persons home to infor m they have left in the taxi give the taxi company details, description of driver and car.

Panera Bread Company Essay Example for Free

Panera ice lolly ships play a bulky Essay prink intercellular substance S incorporateholder Matrix Financial Ratios Financial Trend Graphs Responses to Questions Not Answered in the Presentation Business strategy Functional Area Strategies Assessment of Panera bread social club? s strategic Performance Resources Value Chain Assessment of Panera chou Company? s Financial Performance and Capabilities strategical Issues Panera dinero Company Faces Management? s Values Organizational Culture Executive Summary Our consulting aggroup completed an outline of Panera coer Company mainly foc victimisation on the opport shape uping blockies and thr immerses within the patience, Panera? warlike capabilities, and the political party? s skills and failinges. The fol milding passports contain the opportunity or scourge within the application, the strength or weakness that al wretcheds Panera to imitate or defend against the critical issues and the tools needed to dribble immediate action. We recommend that Panera lettuce Company 1. Open cafes in untapped marts, and focus on utilizing franchising to achieve the desired 1160,000 cafe someone ratio by 2010. We demonstrate that the eatery constancy life cycle is take oer in ripening. This evolution mate with Panera? strong franchising capacity offers a signifi batcht opportunity for Panera to pursue. To achieve this Panera mustiness firstly occasion the current site survival of the fit rivulet and viandsstuff summary exploitationes to chose bringing close togetherl locations for tender cafes in untapped market places. Panera should overly utilize this process to assess the logistics essential to place upright the potential locations. side by side(p), Panera needs to utilize the established, stringent exemptione selection criteria to identify candidates that argon a corking fit, and so work with the selected prerogativees using the animated franchise tending programs to ed ucate and train franchisees in Panera? unique cross off, vision and culture. Once Panera sets up franchising trunks in pertly markets, the ships play along should measure success by whether or non the 1 cafe per 160,000 peck per location by 2010. Panera also must assess the new franchisees based on the historical areas of success. 2. Bolster the current progressal outline to a to a greater extent aggressive soft-sell promotional strategy while still utilizing grape vine play to incr go first- snip guest traffic. We found that guests are prone to give newly undefended eating establishments a trial.Panera has underutilized potential in its promotional strategy to allow clients to know of newly opened cafes. Panera can pursue the opportunity within the pains if it strengthens the current promotional strategy to promote ken. This helps Panera promote brand awareness to become a dominant leader in the bakery-cafe attention. To do this, the guild must begin expanding to untapped and lowpe shed light onrated markets where nodes volition non know much about the union. The association must then increase turbulence about these new cafes before opening by using guerilla trade.An example of this is hiring plain-clothed personnel to summon future and current learning sites and engage potential consumers by drumming up pursual in cafe openings. The next implementation step is to distri exclusivelye coded coupons with a two-week expiration period, and an additional coupon to be given to a friend. Success can be measured by tracking new guest foot traffic in the specific cafes and the new cafe? s gross revenue volume in the first six months. 3. Implement the Oven Fresh, To Go program that lead increase clients electric switch be and revenge emptor stanchty by means of progressive discounts based on levels of return admirerage.Our analysis revea direct that the eating place application is baneened by low switching embodys and low c ustomer loyalty. Our analysis revea take that Panera had strengths in buyer loyalty. Panera should first begin steps one month foregoing to the start of this service using signage and promotion. Next Panera should print bill of fares that displaying the oven newly option and distri barelye them at the point of sale. Panera should cross train employees on the oven unused operational procedures of taking orders and bringing orders to customer? cars. Next Panera should purchase or lease 2 to 3 parking spots per location in close proximity to the door with signs for designated parking. Last Panera should place a pre-paid post taunt with survey questions inside to-go packaging and place customer loyalty punch card in packaging that rewards returning loyal customers. Panera should track the discounts given by customers. Because of the progressive nature of the discounts, Panera can identify its most loyal clientele based on the level of the discount rate. 4.Broaden the harvest-time scope and service offering to include a wider array of light entrees, dinner fare, and beer and wine easy after 430 at select locations nationwide. The new offerings will be paired with familiarity events such as wine-tastings and fund firers to bolster the perceived dinner atmosphere. Our analysis of the eating place manufacture led us to localize that on that point were a sizable turning of buyers avail fitted to firms providing an opportunity for increased market parting. Our analysis of the militant capabilities showed that Panera had an internal strength in inquiry and nurture.Panera needs to utilize the extensive inquiry and organic evolution skills to determine ideal menu offerings, portions, price, and locations suitable for beer and wine. The new harvest-tide offerings will be introduced to a exceptional number of stores to determine customer result and verify the scal king to go through fictitious character. The successful sustenance and alcoholic bev erage items will be introduced to pre-determined ideal locations a broad with marketing and training support. The final implementation step will be a market survey question at the point-ofgross revenue system that will determine the number of new dinner customers.The ultimate finale of this recommendation is to increase market share for Panera. Macro-Environment The United States saw 3. 0% ontogeny in the overall economy for the year 2006. Additionally, real disposable income increased by 2. 1% from the three quarter of 2005 until the end of 2006. The unemployment rate continued on a d birthward trend from a risque of 6. 0% in 2003. Unemployment was 4. 65% in 2006. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, consumer expenditures were $48,398 and $2,794 was fatigued on pabulum away from home per household. Because there was overall economic growth, consumer expenditures ere towering, and unemployment was on a d averward trend, the economy at large was in a healthy state. Wh en economic conditions were perceived as good, consumers were more unstrained to fell excess income, as opposed to saving or investing. in that respectfore, consumers were more likely to spend silver on eating out for sundry(a) repasts this was an opportunity for the restaurant industry. The legal, regulatory and political environment was comparatively stalls in 2006. Because there was a stable regulatory and political environment, chore owners were able to form at a more functional level.Companies were not worried about significant revisions to regulations which hinder business growth. thus, this stable environment was an opportunity for the industry. The population demographics for the U. S. consumer in 2006 were as follows. The population was 49. 27% male and 50. 37% female the median age was 36. 4. About 15. 07% of the population was over 62 years old. The median income was $46,326 for a single earner household and $67,348 for a dual earner household. Of the total 299, 398,484 consumers, 36. 43% lived in the confederation Region, 18. 8% in the Northeast Region, 22. 12% in the Midwest Region and 23. 16% lived in the westmost Region. In the U. S. 31. 7% of persons over the age of 25 were a high school graduate 18. 3% held a Bachelor? s degree, and 9. 7% held an advanced degree. Because of the large number of variables and the diversity of the U. S. population crossways all descriptors, the restaurants industry? s target market was large and the individual buyers were small and numerous. This caused decreased opposition over potential buyers, and therefore was an opportunity in the restaurant industry.There were two significant social trends that emerged among restaurant industry stakeholders in 2006. First, the issues surrounding trans-fats in restaurants were coming to a head after a 2003 court case. Consumers called for a ban on trans-fats in restaurant feed in umteen contrasting states. Since this made restaurants appear to be the culpri t, it decreased customer satisfaction with local restaurant establishments. This decrease was a treat to the industry. Second, the baby baby boomer generation was aging, and the children of the baby boomers were sorrowful out.This increased the number of empty nesters in the U. S. With no children at home and some(prenominal) husband and wife working, the couple was less likely to take home and feel the need to cook dinner. This phenomenon led to more dinner outings and consumers looking for an establishment to eat a quick and role meal. Because this increased the numbers of consumers looking to dine out, the aging baby boomer population increased the number of meal occasions and therefore was an opportunity for the industry. pains Analysis i. Industry Drivers The market size of it of the industry was quite large. Commercial eating places accounted for about $345 billion The U. S. restaurant industry served about 70 billion meals and eat occasions, and was growing about 5 % annually. Based on unit sales of $345 billion, sales volume of 70 billion and a growth rate of 5 % annually, we reason that the market size of the restaurant industry was quite large and growing. Because when the market size of the competing industry was growing, argument among competitors decreased, we solve that decreased challenger was a terror for the restaurant industry.The scope of the competitive rivalry was broad. eating house chains competed on regional, national and global levels. The product scope was also broad. The industry served breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack covering many ethnic tastes. Because geographical and product scope were wide, industry members competed in many geographic areas and over a wide array of product lines. Because competition was increased, we pause that the scope of competitive rivalry was a threat for the industry. Market growth rate and position in the business cycle was in the growth stage. The U. S. restaurant industry served abou t 70 billion meals and snack occasions, and was growing about 5 % annually. Because the industry was growing at a rate of 5 % annually we conclude that the industry was still in the growth stage. Because no indication was given that growth rate was declining, we conclude that the rate was not change magnitude at a decreased rate and therefore not approaching maturity. Because expanding buyer take in produced enough new business for all industry members to grow without using volume-boosting sales tactics to disengage customers away rom rival enterprises, rivalry in the industry was decreased when the life cycle was in growth. Because rivalry decreased when the industry was in growth, we conclude that the growth rate was an opportunity for the industry. The number of buyers and their comparative size in 2006 were as follows. On a typical day, about 130 gazillion U. S. consumers were viands service patrons at an eating establishment sales at commercial eating places averaged cl ose to $1 billion daily. Since 130 million consumers spent $1 billion daily, we conclude that on average, separately consumer spent $7. 9 per day. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the number of buyers was large and their relative size was small. Because buyers have more power when they are large and fewer in number, we conclude that many small buyers was an opportunity for the industry. The cubic yard of technological innovation in product introduction was fast. Most restaurants were quick to alter their menu offerings to changing consumer tastes and eating preferences, frequently featuring heart-healthy, vegetarian, organic, low-calorie, and/or low-carb items on their menus.It was the norm at many restaurants to rotate some menu selections seasonally and to periodically introduce creative dishes in an effort to keep regular patrons coming back, captivate more patrons, and hold on competitive. The constant change in consumer tastes and habits and the rate at which mo st competitors stayed on book binding of the changes made product competition very fierce. To stay competitive, establishments needed similar commitment to constant rescript of menu items. We conclude that the fast footstep of innovation in product introduction was a threat for the industry. Product differentiation in the industry was common. Industry members act differentiation strategies of one variety or another, seeking to set themselves apart from rivals via pricing, food select, menu theme, signature menu selections, eat ambiance and atmosphere, service, convenience, and location. contempt attempts to note products, the restaurant industry operated in a pure competition environment where switching addresss were low and there were many competitors. Because the industry products by nature were weakly differentiated, we conclude that the extent to which rivals differentiate their products was a threat to the industry.The learning and eff curve for the restaurant indust ry was low. Just over 7 out of 10 eating and drinking places in the United States were independent single-unit establishments with fewer than 20 employees. Because 70 % of competitors were restaurants who could open and close at any time, new entrants did not need large corporate plunk for and were free to open anywhere. The ability of so many small competitors to enter and compete in the industry indicated a steep learning curve. The steep learning curve and low with child(p) requirement was threat to the industry because of the ease of rivals to enter the industry. i. Five Forces Our analysis revealed that there were about 624,511 commercial eating locations in the industry. Because rivalry intensifies as the numbers of competitors increase and as competitors become more equal in size and competitive strength, we conclude that the high number of competitors was a threat for the industry. Based on industry sales of $345 billion, the leading competitor Starbucks had less than two percent of the market share. This fact coupled with the above mentioned 70% single unit establishments characterized the industry as having many competitors with very small market share.Because rivalry tends to be stronger when competitors are numerous or are of roughly equal size and in competitive strength, we conclude that the small relative size based on market share was a threat for the industry. chemise be and buyer loyalty were low for the industry. Consumers (especially those who ate out often) were prone to give newly opened eating establishments a trialloyalty to existing restaurants was low when consumers perceived there were damp dining alternatives. Because low switching equals and low buyer loyalty increase rivalry among competitors, we conclude that low switching costs and buyer loyalty were a threat to the industry. It was not more costly to allow the industry than continue to participate. Many restaurants had fairly short lives. Based on our previous analysis of market share, we determined competitors were small in size and can enter and exit with little capital requirements. Assets were exchange easily and the workers in the industry were not entitled to significant job protection. Because rivals had low barriers to exit they did not resort to deep discounts to remain in business.Continuous new entrants increased rivalry. We conclude that the ease of entering was a threat and ease of exit was an opportunity for the industry. The industrys products were discretionary purchases. The average U. S. consumer ate 76% of meals at home. The fact that consumers could eat at home for less characterized the discretionary nature of the eating out option. Because discretionary spending was not necessary and represent consumers? first costs to cut in economic difficulty, we conclude that the discretionary nature of the purchase was a threat to the industry. iii.Changes to the Industry Structure and warlike Environment As of 2006, the restaurant industry was growing by 5% a year. Due to this growth rate there was room for more firms to enter the industry. This changed the industry structure in the coming years by introducing more competitors. However, since the market was not saturated, firms entering were in a business environment that allowed them to obtain new market share. Since the long-term growth rate was increasing there was an opportunity for new firms to gain the growing market share. The average U. S. consumer ate 76% of their meals at home.The average person in 2004 had $974 of income to spend on food purchases away from home. Customers were less likely to be loyal to a restaurant if they perceived a better option available to them. Patrons also used restaurants for more than alone eating. Restaurants served as places where people could catch up on work, meet friends, and read the paper. The fact that majority of meals were eaten in the home and that restaurant spending was discretionary, coupled with the fick le and specific nature of the customer created strong competition among rivals, and resulted in a threat to firms. trade innovation in product and promotion was especially strong in the restaurant industry. Firms unceasingly updated their menus to give new trends such as low calorie, organic, vegetarian, and heart healthy foods. Restaurants also utilized Wi-Fi and large goggle box screens in order to enhance the experience for customers. Happy hours and other events served as promotion to attract new customers. The constant marketing pressures created complex rivalries between firms and resulted in an altered industry structure.The industry structure resulted in a business environment where firms diligently adapted and changed with updated marketing mixes. This constant change was a threat within the industry. Entry into the restaurant industry was marked by just over 7 of 10 eating and drinking places being independent, single-unit establishments with fewer than 20 employees. Ex it from the industry was frequent and often firms were exceptional to short lives. The easy entry and exit of firms to and from the industry created a business environment that was fiercely competitive.The ease of new rivals entering and the large failure rate was a threat for firms within the industry. iv. Existing Rivals Competitive Capabilities Analysis The case did not provide specific information about rivals? imagerys and strategic goals to formulate definitive competitive capabilities. v. Key Success Factors The key success components in the restaurant industry were dictated by what consumers deemed necessary attributes to have and what allowed the business to profit. Consumers did not dine at particular places that did not possess these qualities because they befogged value in their purchase.Also, there were many substitutes that offered the key factors to patrons instead. The particular key success factors related to the restaurant industry were low-cost production effi ciency, customer service, bigness of product line and selection, ability to respond readily to change over market conditions, overall consumer experience, image and reputation, and high consumer volume. The first key success factor was low-cost production efficiency, which was crucial in lowering prices for the consumer. When a restaurant could not keep costs low, the high costs were passed through to the consumer with a high price.If customers did not believe the value in what they were buying was price that high price, they did not pay for it. Since there were many competitors in the restaurant industry, the consumer shopped around for similar food at a lower price. Restaurants needed to keep these costs low to stay competitive and not risk bankruptcy. Customer service was another key success factor because it added value to the meal. The consumer was not just purchasing food they were paying for the entire experience. A component of this was having pleasant employees in all c ustomer contact positions.Good customer service skills that made the customer feel comfortable in the restaurant helped to keep customers coming back. When a waitress went above and beyond her normal duties to please a customer, the patron was likely to return because of the great experience offered. Exceeding customer expectations was crucial in attracting loyal customers who returned to the establishment. some other factor for success was having a wide breadth of product line and selection. Restaurants needed to offer many different kinds of dishes to attract a broad group of buyers.Some examples were serving chicken, beef, seafood, and vegetarian. If there were ten dishes or so within each of those categories, the restaurant was offering a large selection and a customer could find a meal they craved. Offering various types of dishes helped widen the breadth of what was offered, such as breakfast, lunch, dinner, soups, salads, pasta, and sides. There were also various styles of f ood offered such as Mexican, bland, Cajun, Irish, Italian, Mediterranean, and more. Such a broad selection heard that customers found what they were looking for.If the consumer saw multiple meals he or she as rice beered in, he or she returned. The quaternate key success factor within the restaurant industry was the ability to respond quickly to shifting market conditions. Customers were constantly changing what they wanted, and restaurants needed to keep up with those changes. If a restaurant had an inability to change its menu, it could not compete with its rivals. Recently, consumers changed their needs to heart healthy, vegetarian, organic, low calorie, and low-carb. This also took into consideration seasonal changes.Soups became more predominant in the winter than the summer. Certain seasonal soups like pumpkin, squash, and others were craved around the holidays, but not as much during other time in the year. Desserts and specialty beverages followed similar patterns. Rest aurants needed to change their menus to satisfy customers? cravings and remain competitive within the industry. Having a good overall consumer experience was extremely important in the restaurant industry. This was crucial in building a loyal clientele that could promote the business through word-of-mouth tactics and regularly dined at the establishment.The overall experience took into consideration more than just food and customer service because it encompassed the entire value perceived by the consumer. This included price, food quality, quality of service, ambience and atmosphere, and having a variety of offerings. Without that great experience, a customer would not return and they could verbally damage the restaurant? s reputation when they told friends about their poor experience. This factor was important to build loyal customers and increase brand awareness. encounter and reputation was another key success factor because this was what attracted customers to the establishment .This also created word-of-mouth advertising for a restaurant. When something happened to sully a restaurant? s reputation, patrons no longer dined there, which led the company to go out of business. delineation and reputation was how consumers perceived the company, which could add value for the customer when it was extremely good. Another key success factor was having high consumer volume. No matter what type of eating establishment, having high customer foot traffic was subjective for success. This increased brand recognition, word-of-mouth advertising, and sales.This factor was essential to success in the industry, without it, a restaurant was uneffective to grow, or even survive. These seven key success factors dictated the industry and how restaurants needed perform in order to remain competitive in the industry. The restaurant industry was purely competitive and extremely baseless out-of-pocket to the large number of rivals. The seven factors were areas to focus on beca use that was what consumers deemed important. Critical Issues the Industry Faces Our analysis led us to the following critical issues set about by the restaurant industry. There were many opportunities in the industry for businesses to capitalize on.According to the analysis of the industry drivers, we concluded that the business life cycle was still in growth and there was a capacity shortage in the industry. This was an opportunity for the industry. Based on our analysis of the five forces sticker, we concluded that there were many buyers in the industry with many choices in selection of products. This was also an opportunity for the industry. Based on our analysis of the industry drivers, five forces lesson, and the changes to the industry structure, we concluded that there were untapped markets and consumers were prone to give newly opened eating establishments a trial.Based on our analysis of the changes to the industry structure and the competitive environment and the five forces sample, we concluded there was a threat to the industry in that there was low customer switching costs and low customer loyalty. Panera net profit Companys Competitive Capabilities i. Business Strategy Panera Bread Company? s strategic wrapped was to make Panera Bread a nationally recognized brand arouse and to be the dominant restaurant promoter in the specialty bakery-cafe segment. Panera intended to achieve this by being better than the guy across the street and implementing a successful business model.Panera? s business model satisfyed customers? needs through providing quality food in a casual compass that continued to bring customers in for the ambiance as well as the food. Panera achieved sufficient profits to cover the costs of providing this value to the customers by selling food in the cafes and by collecting franchising fees and a percentage of franchisee sales. Management intended to grow the number of Panera Bread locations by 17% annually and expand furth er into suburban markets. Panera focused on achieving a 1 cafe per 160,000 people per location ratio by 2010 through effective use of franchising.Panera intended to build a loyal clientele by employing a superior business model and offering crafter breads as a base of a high quality menu that changed to reflect evolving consumer tastes. The prevailing market in which Panera operated experienced 5% growth in 2006. Thus Panera? s strategy of growth was in sync with market conditions. Furthermore, by focusing on building a loyal clientele through quality breads and a menu that suits customers tastes, Panera tailored the strategy to strengths the company already possessed. Panera? ability to create well crafted, predictive strategies and adapt well to changing conditions with reactive strategies indicated that Panera? s strategy was a dynamic fit to the company and market. Therefore, Panera? s strategy was a good fit for the company. Operating in an almost pure competition environment, Panera faced threats from low cost and differentiated products. Panera employed a best cost provider strategy to take advantage of the large amount of value-conscious buyers who want a good meal and pleasant dining experience at an affordable price.Taking a position as best cost provider, in accompaniment with a commitment to providing crave-able food that people trust, served in a warm, friendship gathering place by associates who make guests feel comfortable helped Panera achieve a strong strategy, but the competitive nature of the industry does not permit the strength of Panera? s strategy to become a competitive advantage. Panera had 0. 5409% market share of the $345 billion annual sales in the restaurant industry. though Panera was not a dominant operator, this was a relatively big market share, given the nurture of the industry.The company? s profits and number of locations grew from 2002 to 2006. Panera? s strategy led to a strong pecuniary position and a sizable market s hare. Because Panera? s strategy was a good fit for the company, was strong in the competitive industry, and was financially successful, we concluded that Panera? s strategy was working very well and gave the company a competitive position in the industry. Therefore we feel Panera? s overall strategy, as well as its strategy to grow the business and build a loyal clientele was a strength. ii.Functional Area Strategies Panera? s marketing strategy contained trey distinct initiatives. The first aimed to raise the quality of awareness about Panera by focusing on quality crave-able food the consumer can trust, and by enhancing the appeal of its bakery-cafes as gathering places. The second initiative focused on boosting awareness and trials of Panera at multiple meal quantify. The third initiative was to increase consumers? perception of Panera as a dinner option. Throughout the entire marketing strategy Panera avoided strong-sell, in-your-face advertising.Panera preferred consumers g ently collide with and control the brand. As Panera performed well financially in past years, this marketing strategy was successful. However our analysis led us to conclude there was an untapped potential in the soft-sell marketing technique. This was a weakness that Panera must bolster to pursue industry opportunities. Panera? s production and distribution strategy was to use economies of plateful and centralize operations for the swag devising process. There were 17 regional fresh dough facilities to service the 1,027 Panera bakery-cafe locations.By controlling the process at central locations Panera was able to ensure consistent quality and dough qualification efficiency. Panera? s production strategy supports the overall strategic intent of being better than the guy across the street and ensures quality to keep customers coming back. Because Panera? s production strategy supported the company? s overarching strategic goals, we concluded that the strategy was working well and was a strength for Panera. Panera had a unique franchise system. distributively franchise license was for a multi unit deal, usually for 15 bakery-cafes to be opened over six years.Panera only granted licenses to applicants who met stringent criteria. These criteria included a net worth of $7. 5 million or more, access to resources that would allow for the expansion of 15 locations, real estate and multi unit restaurant operator experience and commitment to Panera? s brand, culture and passion. Historically, Panera? s ambitious franchising model was a success. Franchisees indicated a high level of satisfaction with Panera Bread Company? s concept, support and leadership. Likewise, Panera reported satisfaction with the quality and pace of franchisee openings and the franchisees? perations. Panera committed limited fiscal resources to franchising the company did not finance franchisee construction of area development payment, or hold any equity in any of the franchise-operated ba kery-cafes. Because the franchising model supported the company? s intent to grow to a dominant restaurant operator, we concluded Panera? s franchising system was a strength. Panera committed to constantly staying in tune with consumers? changing tastes for the base of the research and development strategy. Panera regularly reviewed the menu and revised the options to entertain customer interest.When developing new products, Panera first made the menu items in test kitchens before introducing them in a select few bakery-cafes. Panera used the test kitchens and select rollouts to determine customer response and ensure that the products could be produced in mass quantities and still book the high quality standards associated with the Panera brand. The successful products were then introduced in all the chain locations and integrated into menus. Because it helped keep up the Panera standard for quality food that customers craved, the research and development aspect of Panera? s stra tegy supported the marketing strategy.Furthermore, by ensuring consistently high quality food that consumers depended on, Panera? s extensive research and development supported the company? s strategic goal of graceful a dominant operator in the restaurant industry. iii. Assessment of Panera Bread Companys strategic Performance -Business Strategy Performance The strategic intent of Panera was to become a nationally recognized brand and dominant operator in the specialty bakery-cafe segment. In 2005 Panera Bread was the highest rated for the fourth year in a row among competitors in the Sandleman Associates national customer satisfaction survey.Panera had also won best of awards in 36 states and across a range of markets. In addition, J. D. Power and Associates? 2004 restaurant satisfaction memorise of 55,000 customers ranked Panera Bread highest among quick-service restaurants in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States in all categories, which included environment, meal, service, and cost. Panera created this nationwide renown through the successful implementation of the company? s business model. In 2006 Panera opened 155 company and franchise possess cafes bringing the total units to 1,027 in 36 states.The continued expansion of cafes in new markets showed that Panera was operating(a)(a) successfully within the framework of the intended strategy. However, Panera managed to open only 1 cafe per 330,000 by 2006. So, although Panera had begun the process of increased penetration into markets, the benchmark given of 1 cafe per 160,000 people in 2010 at the time of the case had not been reached. Therefore a complete analysis of the success of the growth strategy was not possible. Panera differentiated the bakery-cafes by implementing several important menu changes that addressed the targeted consumer needs and trends.The addition of good carb breads, antibiotic-free chicken, and an artisan line of sweet goods were employed as part of a differe ntiation strategy. In 2005-2006 Panera introduced the G2 concept in an attempt to bolster the dining environment, thus providing more value for the customer. There was no info to support or deny the effectiveness of these strategic moves. -Functional Area Strategic Performance Due to fact that the Panera won considerable accolades in consumer satisfaction, we determined that its marketing initiative of developing customer awareness of the quality and trust-worthiness of the company? s food was working.The second initiative of boosting awareness and trial of dining at Panera Bread at multiple meal times had not been shown operationally. Therefore, we were not able to determine the performance of this strategy. The marketing data showed that, 85 % of consumers who were aware that there was a Panera Bread bakery-cafe in their community or neighborhood had dined at Panera on at least one occasion. From this data, we concluded that the strategy was sound to pursue and specifically impl ement. The third initiative of increasing consumers? perception of Panera as a dinner option had not yet been apply with specific steps.The marketing research showed that 81% of consumers indicated a considerable willingness to try Panera at other meal times which supported following this strategy into the implementation phase. Panera? s production and distribution goal was to ensure lowered costs and quality control with a strategy of centralized locations taking advantage of economies of scale. The quality of the product was evidenced by the many best of awards and other consumer satisfaction accolades. The lowered costs due to economies of scale and the high quality of the products indicate that Panera? production and distribution strategy was successfully enforced and executed. Panera pursued a unique franchising model based on multi-unit, multi-year deals with franchisees who were selected based on stringent criteria. The franchised cafes performed better in return on equity investments and average weekly and annual sales than company-owned cafes and were also equally or slightly more profitable. The measured success of the franchisee owned stores showed that the franchising model strategy was performing well. The research and development strategy was to stay in tune with customers? changing tastes.The implementation consisted of regularly reviewing and revising the menus, and the use of test kitchens for exploring new products and determining customer response. In 2003 Panera scored the highest level of customer loyalty among quick-casual restaurants, according to a study conducted by TNS Intersearch. This customer loyalty indicated the success of Panera in anticipating customer needs through the company? s research and development strategy. iv. Resources Panera had skills and expertise in sight selection and cafe environment. They chose sights and cafe environment by the following method. Based on analysis of this information, including the use of pre dictive modeling using proprietary software, Panera create projections of sales and return on investment for candidate sites. This recourse was difficult but not unattainable to copy. The length of time it would last depended on how hard competitors chose to work to develop similar technology. This resource was in truth competitively superior because no other competitors had it. It could not be trumped by rival? s resources because the similar software had to be developed before competitors could use it.Because this resource was hard to copy, competitively superior, potentially long lasting and could not be trumped by rivals? resources, the site selection and cafe environment was a competitive potential. This competitive capability was a strength that gave Panera a competitive advantage. Our analysis revealed that Panera? s advertising and promotion strategy was too weak. They had underutilized promotion potential. Panera? s strategy was to raise the quality of awareness by th e bore and appeal of its breads and sunbaked goods, by hammering the theme food you crave, food you can trust. Panera also aimed to raise awareness and boost trial of dining at Panera Bread at multiple meal times (breakfast, lunch, chill out times, and dinner. ) Panera avoided hard-sell approaches, preferring instead to employ a range of ways to softly drop the Panera Bread name into the midst of consumers as they moved through their lives and let them gently collide? with the brand the idea was to let consumers discover? Panera Bread and then convert them into loyal customers by providing a very satisfy dining experience. This approach was a great concept and successful to an extent, however we conclude that because many of Panera? competitors were using more aggressive promotion, the current strategy was not aggressive enough. Management claimed that the company? s fresh- dough-making capability provided a competitive advantage by ensuring consistent quality and dough-making e fficiency. Because this dough making capability allowed Panera to increase the production capacity, used no preservatives, did not freeze the product and control the quality of the dough by making it themselves, this recourse was hard to copy. How long it would last depended on strengthening competitor capabilities and their interest in the dough making market.Based on the first two tests, we conclude that this capability was authentically competitively superior and could not be trumped by rivals? capabilities and therefore a competitive advantage. Panera? s franchise system used superior intellectual capital with the use experienced and capable workforce. The success of the franchise system was an example of proven managerial know-how. The site selection software granted the franchises cutting-edge knowledge in technology to choose locations and cafe environments. The stringent franchisee requirements employed only the most dedicated, well capitalized and capable franchisees as managers.The franchise system was hard to copy because of the stringent requirements for the franchisees, managerial know-how and the proprietary site selection software. web site selection system would tend to last because of how difficult it was to copy and could not be trumped by rivals because it was so rare, and was characterized by a gradual learning curve. This analysis led us to the conclusion that Panera? s franchise system was a distinct competitive capability and therefore gave Panera a competitive advantage. The product research and development program was also an example of Panera? superior intellectual capital. Product development was focused on providing food that customers would crave and trust to be tasty. New menu items were developed in test kitchens and then introduced in a limited number of the bakery-cafes to determine customer response and verify that preparation and operating procedures resulted in product consistency and high quality standards. If successfu l, they were then rolled out system wide. The research and development system was hard to copy because of the gradual learning curve and constant need for revision.Because all(prenominal) competitor was also engaged in tactics to improve product development, we conclude that this intellectual capital was only hard to copy in Panera? s specific product line. Because it was not generally hard to copy we do not conclude that it was competitively superior. Based on our analysis, we conclude that Panera? s product research and development was a resource capability and therefore strength, but it was not a competitive advantage because many competitors have the same resources. Panera? s financial position was an important resource. Panera had a low debt to equity ratio.In 1998 this strategy began with the sale of Au Bon Pain for 73 million in cash. This strategy was well served by the franchise system. Panera did not finance franchisee construction or area development covenant payments or hold an equity interest in any of the franchise- operated bakery-cafes. The franchise system allowed Panera to keep long term levels debt low. This allowed Panera to use cash reserves and or take on long term debt at lower costs when capital was necessary to seize opportunities. Panera? s financial position was a resource capability because it was hard to copy.The resource tended to last long because the franchise system kept debt low. It was not really competitively superior because other competitors could have had similar financial positions. Because this capability was hard to copy but it was not competitively superior, we conclude that it was a capability and there for strength, but not a competitive advantage because others may have a similar financial position. v. Value Chain -Inbound Logistics The case does not provide enough information to comment on the inbound logistics that Panera has with suppliers.However, each franchisee purchased dough directly from Panera Bread. Panera had an interest in each of the franchised stores succeeding because the company received 4%-5% royalties from sales continually. This meant Panera as the supplier had an interest to keep prices of dough as low as possible to maintain viable franchise operations. -Operations Panera provided and essential comprehensive front and back of house training, market analysis, and bakery-cafe certification. This corporate level tactic impacted the company? franchised and company owned stores by enabling Panera to develop systems used by all the cafes thus applying economies of scale to operations. Since each cafe-bakery did not have to develop its own operations structure this reduced costs for each store. In addition, the methods Panera introduced to each store had proven historically successful, thus increased the learning curve for a new cafe and lowered costs. Panera had a policy to not finance new franchisees, area development payment agreements, or hold any equity in the new caf es.This operational model resulted in minimal long-term debt and low capital intensity to expand the Panera brand. All the cafes offered an assortment of 20-plus varieties of bread baked daily and as of 2006 at least 22 types of sandwiches. Each of these breads and sandwiches were regularly reviewed to determine whether the products matched regular customer needs, new consumer trends, and seasonal relevance. The complexity of the product line enabled Panera to match menu items with a variety of customer needs. This process ensured that weak selling items would be removed limited excess inventory. Outbound logistics Each franchisee purchased dough directly from Panera Bread. Each dough making facility was able to produce dough for six bakeries. The fresh dough was sold to both companyowned and franchised bakery-cafes at a delivered cost not to exceed 27% of the sell value of the product. These costs margins were achieved by producing the dough at central locations employing economie s of scale. -Sales and Marketing Panera used focus groups to determine customer food and drink preferences, and price points.This work was done by only a few individuals at the corporate level and scaled to the rest of the cafes. The existing company and franchise owned cafes would be able to take advantage of this market information and reduce costs associated with sales and marketing information. The franchising model Panera used required the franchisee to pay 0. 7% of total sales to a national advertising fund and 0. 4 % of total sales as a marketing administration fee. Franchisees were also required to spend 2. 0 % of total sales on advertising in local markets.Panera contributed similar amounts of capital from the company owned stores. Requiring the franchise owned cafes to pay a significant portion of marketing costs allowed Panera Bread to lower the company? s capital contribution. -Research and Development New menu items were rolled out in limited cafes and developed in test kitchens prior to nationwide release. This process addressed two cost drivers. First, by employing economies of scale individual cafes will not have to spend resources and capital investing in the development of new menu items.Second, through the expertise of the advanced research and development department Panera ensured both quality of product and process. This resulted in less product waste and increased customer satisfaction and in turn lowered costs. -Integrated Value Chain Effect Panera Bread utilized both structural and executional cost drivers to lower costs on the value chain particularly in inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and research and development. The cost reduction across the value chain gave Panera a strong capability. vi.Assessment of Panera Bread Companys Financial Performance and Capabilities Panera Bread Company showed growth in its profitability from 2002 to 2006, but there were no industry standards presented to compare the numbers in relation to the industry and individual competitors. Panera Bread Company stated a desired growth rate of 17% each year, and the sustainable growth grade from 2003 to 2006 were all above this desired rate (See Financial Ratios Section), but the internal growth rates were slightly lower for these years (See Financial Ratios Sections).For the most part, Panera Bread Company showed consistent results for the profitability financial ratios calculated. Therefore the company retained management? s objectives and values each year. Panera? s ability to maintain cash reserves allowed the company to expand and open new cafes while maintaining management? s goal of not taking on large amounts of long-term debt. Panera Bread Company showed increased revenues as the number of cafes increased, which shows company growth (See Financial Trend Graphs Section). Also, Panera? current ratio was 1. 16 in 2006, which shows the company was able to satisfy all current obligations from oper ating activities without the need for long-term financing. Since Panera strives to decrease long-term debt, the cash reserves could be used for expansion without the need to restrict assets for future obligations. The company presented low total debt and debt-toequity ratios which allowed the company to avoid overleveraging itself. This also left some capacity for the company to take on long-term debt if deemed necessary during expansion.The company created a strong financial position for itself by having available cash reserves and fall the amount of long-term debt assumed. This created an opportunity for expansion. vii. Strategic Issues Panera Bread Company Faces The strategic issues that Panera faced were as follows. Our first strategic issue was Panera? s potential to use its internal franchising capabilities to take advantage of the fact that the industry life cycle remained in its growth phase.The second strategic issue Panera faced was how to alter its existing promotion str ategy in untapped markets in order to take advantage of the opportunity presented by customer? s willingness to try new restaurants. The third strategic issue was how Panera could use its internal capability to build loyal clientele to defend against the threat of low switching costs and low customer loyalty. The final strategic issue was how Panera could use its internal capability of advanced research and development skills to take advantage of the large number of buyers within the industry. iii. Managements Values Management valued the eagerness Panera Bread cafes showed for the quality and value of the products offered. The main example was in the company? s dough making capabilities. Panera believed that actions spoke louder than words, so the company needed to show the high quality of its food to the customers. Management believed that the piquant menu and the dining ambience of its bakery-cafes provided significant growth opportunity, despite the fiercely competitive nature of the restaurant industry.Management strived to become the dominant operator within the bakery-cafe segment as well as a leader in the specialty bread segment while making its brand name nationally recognized. Another key value within Panera? s management was maintaining a debt-free balance sheet. The ability to uphold this value came from the company? s franchising model because the franchisees financed the majority of the cafe building expenses. Management upset the quality of the food and service offered and knew that all other goals, such as expansion, recognition, and holding a higher market share, would simply fall into place as a result. x. Organizational Culture Panera Bread Company? s organisational culture began with the overall company and the dough-making facilities and spread out to the bakery cafes, whether company owned or franchised. Panera Bread Company was centered on its dough-making capabilities. The company guaranteed freshness and high quality in each dough it created. The dough was then passed to the cafes, where it was baked fresh and delivered to the customer. The quality controls within the company were maintained through the entire process to ensure that the customer would be pleased with his purchase.Quality was the soil for success, and quality was what the company relied on to generate loyal customers. Franchising was also a crucial aspect to Panera? s organizational culture because cafes were where the majority of customer contact occurred, and it was the basis for some of management? s values. Panera? s franchising model was extremely stringent, so only certain individuals were able to have cafes. There were eight criteria that had to be met in order to be considered, and a passion for fresh bread was one of them. Panera ensured that each franchisee had the capital and prior knowledge necessary to succeed.The stringent criteria and Panera? s site selection technology provided a strong basis for cafe success, which in turn le d to a strong and satisfying organizational culture. Although Panera did not own the franchised cafes, the company dictated where supplies could be obtained to ensure quality. Panera also trained the franchisees so they could operate on their own successfully, but turn to the company for guidance when necessary. The open environment was helpful without it being too overbearing. The strength in the organizational culture was a contributing factor to Panera? success and continued growth. Appendices i. ii. iii. iv. v. SWOT Matrix Stakeholder Matrix Financial Ratios (See attached Excel file) Financial Trend Graphs Responses to Questions Not Answered in the Presentation i. SWOT Matrix STRENGTHS -Strong and attainable growth strategy -Ability to build a loyal clientele -The business model -Franchising system site selection and proprietary software -Research and Development Product Innovation -Financial position need of long term debt -81% of frequent and moderately frequent customers indicated a willingness to try Panera for multiple meal timesWEAKNESSES -Under utilized potential in promotion strategy -Frequent diners only come at one meal time per day -Only located regionally OPPORTUNITIES -The industry life cycle is still in growth - confused cost substitutes viewed as lower quality value -Large number of small buyers in the industry (Lack of buyer bargaining power) -Buyers are characterized as likely to give new restaurants a try THREATS -Low switching costs/low customer loyalty -Product is a discretionary purchase -Substitutes are convenient and lower priced -Wide breadth of competitive rivalry -Steep learning curve ii.Stakeholder Matrix Stakeholders Companies, Groups, And Individuals Type/Nature of the Relationship/ What We Do For Each of Them -A chain of cafes perceived as a neighborhood bakerycafe which can be found in various locations around the U. S. and quality is consistent in all locations Needs How We Satisfy Those Needs Customers -U. S. Consumers -A quality food option which is perceived as a good value -A pleasant dining experience with good service and a warm ambiance -By providing quality food in a casual setting that continued to bring customers in for the ambiance and the food -Creating food consumers crave and can trust at all locationsCompetitors -Independent single-unit establishments with fewer than 20 employees -Competed on a local level, as Panera desired to be seen as the local, neighborhood cafe and gathering place -Fast-casual restaurants -Competed on inviting dining environment, quality of food and enticing menus -Commercial eating institutions -Competed on price, service, ambiance, overall experience and convenience -Provide a successful franchising model to be pursued by highly -Preopening assistance with market -Provided market analysis and site selection assistance, lease review,Employees -Franchisees capitalized, experienced and perfervid individuals analysis and site selection, training programs, leade rship new store opening assistance, a comprehensive sign training program, and a program for hourly employees, benchmarking data regarding costs and profit margins, company developed marketing and advertising programs, neighborhood marketing assistance Shareholders -Owners of the 31,313 shares outstanding -The community of the regional markets of company and franchised cafes Provided a stable company to invest in -Do not pay dividends -provide a gathering place for locals and visitors and support the community the locations operate in -A food option and company that adds value to its product and the community at large -Panera sponsored local community charity events Community iv. Financial Trend Graphs Net Income 70000 Net Income (Millions) 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 This figure shows the net income for Panera Bread Company from 2002-2006. It depicts a steady increase in net income each year.Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities Nat Cash Provided by Operating Activities (Millions) 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 2002 2003 2004 Year 2005 2006 This figure depicts the net cash provided by operating activities for Panera Bread Company from 2002 to 2006. It shows an increase over time, except from 2005 to 2006. Open Cafes 700 Number of Cafes Open 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Franchised Cafes Company Owned Cafes Year This figure shows the number of cafes opened at the end of each year. It depicts growth within the company.It also shows that franchise-owned cafes are more prevalent than company-owned ones, which shows success in the company? s franchising model. interject Revenues 2500 Store Revenues (millions) 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year 2004 2005 2006 This graph shows a steady increase in revenues for each cafe over time. v. Responses to Questions Not Answered in the Presentation Alterations to Opening Cafes in Untapped and Low Penetrated Markets recommendation Our recommendation needed to be altered to provide a separate action visualize from recommendation to pursue a more aggressive soft-sell promotion strategy.We altered this recommendation by moving Panera? s focus when opening new bakery-cafes using the superior franchising model to solely untapped markets. These untapped markets would allow for sufficient growth to achieve the desired 1160,000 ratio. Alterations to the More Aggressive Soft-Sell Promotional Strategy Recommendation Recommendation two needed to be altered from a marketing strategy to a purely promotional strategy. Panera needed to promote its quality menu by implementing the suggested promotional strategies in its bakery cafes.The purpose of the promotional campaign was to bring new customers into the cafes. This satisfied the opportunity within the industry that customers are prone to try newly opened eating establishments in their community. The campaign needed to be implemented in untapped and low-penetrated marke ts in order to develop brand awareness by attracting new patrons. Though it may help, it will not be as successful in the highly-penetrated markets because Panera is already an established company with high brand awareness and loyal customers.Alterations to Implementation of Oven Fresh, To Go Program Recommendation In response to your concerns regarding recommendation three, we agree that our implementation of Oven Fresh, To Go did not specifically address the low switching cost threat by rewarding return customers for their loyalty. To resolve this issue, we altered the implementation steps to include a punch card in the to-go packaging that would reward existing Oven Fresh, To Go customers for their loyalty and raze their switching costs with progressive discounts based on their level of return patronage.Alterations to Broaden Product Scope Recommendation During the presentation of the recommendations there was concern that recommendation 4 did not adequately address the goal of i ncreasing market share. The primary concern was that offering an expanded dinner menu after 430 pm would not be incentive enough to overcome factors of image, location, and substitutes for Panera to obtain a relevant increase in market share.To bolster the strength of our recommendation and overcome the aforementioned hurdles to success we have amended our recommendation to include the addition of beer and wine at select Panera locations. A Panera site will qualify for alcohol consideration if the area demographics and local legal and regulatory environment are ideal. Selected locations will participate in wine-tasting and other events to engage the surrounding community. The combination of new menu items and select sites serving alcohol will create a new and lively experience for dining at Panera.